CAD-based security, cryptography, and digital rights management

ABSTRACT

Manufacturing variability is inherent to many silicon and nano-scale technologies and can be manifested in many different ways and modalities (e.g. power and delay). We propose a flow that starts with gate-level integrated circuit (IC) characterization which results in unique identification (ID). The ID's are an integrated part of the design functionality and software and provide a basis for conceptually new CAD-based security protocols. As an examples, we present a new IC metering schemes that ensure very low overhead and digital right management in horizontally integrated IC market. Therefore, after many years of CAD importing and benefiting from many other areas such as numerical analysis, theoretical CS, VLSI design, computer architectures, and compilers, CAD has its historical chance to impact many fields of computer science and engineering through manufacturing variability-based security and right management.

REFERENCES

• 1: Shekhar Borkar , Tanay Karnik , Siva Narendra , Jim Tschanz , Ali Keshavarzi , Vivek De, Parameter variations and impact on circuits and microarchitecture, Proceedings of the 40th conference on Design automation, June 02-06, 2003, Anaheim, CA, USA [doi>10.1145/775832.775920]
• 2: Blaise Gassend , Daihyun Lim , Dwaine Clarke , Marten van Dijk , Srinivas Devadas, Identification and authentication of integrated circuits: Research Articles, Concurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience, v.16 n.11, p.1077-1098, September 2004 [doi>10.1002/cpe.v16:11]
• 3: Farinaz Koushanfar , Gang Qu, Hardware metering, Proceedings of the 38th conference on Design automation, p.490-493, June 2001, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States [doi>10.1145/378239.378568]
• 4: K. Lofstrom, W. Daasch, and D. Taylor. Ic identification circuits using device mismatch. In ISSCC, pages 372--373, 2000.
• 5: S. Nassif. Delay variability: sources, impacts and trends. In ISSCC, pages 368--369, 2000.
• 6: G. Qu and M. Potkonjak. Intellectual Property Protection in VLSI Design. Kluwer, 2003

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  K. Computing Milieux
  K.6 MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
      K.6.5 Security and Protection (D.4.6, K.4.2)

Additional Classification:
  B. Hardware
  B.m MISCELLANEOUS

  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.4 PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS

General Terms:
Design, Measurement, Security

Keywords:
computer-aided design, digital rights management, hardware metering, intellectual property protection, security