A unified platform for data driven web applications with automatic client-server partitioning

ABSTRACT

Data-driven web applications are usually structured in three tiers with different programming models at each tier. This division forces developers to manually partition application functionality across the tiers, resulting in complex logic, suboptimal partitioning, and expensive re-partitioning of applications. In this paper, we introduce a unified platform for automatic partitioning of data-driven web applications. Our approach is based on Hilda[41, 46], a high-level declarative programming language with a unified data and programming model for all the layers of the application. Based on run-time properties of the application, Hilda's run time system automatically partitions the application between the tiers to improve response time while adhering to memory and/ or processing constraints at the clients. We evaluate our methodology with traces from a real application and with TPC-W, and our results show that automatic partitioning outperforms manual partitioning without the associated development overhead.

REFERENCES

• 1: Adobe fash. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromedia Flash.
• 2: Asynchronous javascript and xml. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax (programming).
• 3: Khalil Amiri , David Petrou , Gregory R. Ganger , Garth A. Gibson, Dynamic function placement for data-intensive cluster computing, Proceedings of the Annual Technical Conference on 2000 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, p.25-25, June 18-23, 2000, San Diego, California
• 4: Aldo Bongio , Stefano Ceri , Piero Fraternali , Andrea Maurino, Modeling Data Entry and Operations in WebML, Selected papers from the Third International Workshop WebDB 2000 on The World Wide Web and Databases, p.201-214, May 18-19, 2000
• 5: Grady Booch , James Rumbaugh , Ivar Jacobson, The Unified Modeling Language user guide, Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Redwood City, CA, 1999
• 6: Chavdar Botev , Hubert Chao , Theodore Chao , Yim Cheng , Raymond Doyle , Sergey Grankin , Jon Guarino , Saikat Guha , Pei-Chen Lee , Dan Perry , Christopher Re , Ilya Rifkin , Tingyan Yuan , Dora Abdullah , Kathy Carpenter , David Gries , Dexter Kozen , Andrew Myers , David Schwartz , Jayavel Shanmugasundaram, Supporting workflow in a course management system, Proceedings of the 36th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education, February 23-27, 2005, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
• 7: Marco Brambilla , Stefano Ceri , Sara Comai , Marco Dario , Piero Fraternali , Ioana Manolescu, Declarative specification of Web applications exploiting Web services and workflows, Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, June 13-18, 2004, Paris, France [doi>10.1145/1007568.1007688]
• 8: Valeria Cardellini , Michele Colajanni , Philip S. Yu, Dynamic Load Balancing on Web-Server Systems, IEEE Internet Computing, v.3 n.3, p.28-39, May 1999 [doi>10.1109/4236.769420]
• 9: Stefano Ceri , Piero Fraternali , Aldo Bongio, Web Modeling Language (WebML): a modeling language for designing Web sites, Proceedings of the 9th international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks : the international journal of computer and telecommunications netowrking, p.137-157, June 2000, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
• 10: T. W. Commerce. Tpc benchmark http://www.tpc.org/tpcw/.
• 11: E. Cooper, S. Lindley, P. Wadler, and J. Yallop. Links: Web programming without tiers. In Submitted to ESOP 2007.
• 12: Michael J. Franklin , Michael J. Carey , Miron Livny, Transactional client-server cache consistency: alternatives and performance, ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), v.22 n.3, p.315-363, Sept. 1997 [doi>10.1145/261124.261125]
• 13: Piero Fraternali, Tools and approaches for developing data-intensive Web applications: a survey, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), v.31 n.3, p.227-263, Sept. 1999 [doi>10.1145/331499.331502]
• 14: Nicholas Gerner , Fan Yang , Alan Demers , Johannes Gehrke , Mirek Riedewald , Jayavel Shanmugasundaram, Automatic client-server partitioning of data-driven web applications, Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, June 27-29, 2006, Chicago, IL, USA [doi>10.1145/1142473.1142580]
• 15: A. Hayrapetyan, D. Kempe, M. Pál, and Z. Svitkina. Unbalanced graph cuts. In European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA), Mallorca, Spain, 2005.
• 16: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/plugin/developer guide/applet caching.html.
• 17: Galen C. Hunt , Michael L. Scott, The Coign automatic distributed partitioning system, Proceedings of the third symposium on Operating systems design and implementation, p.187-200, February 1999, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
• 18: M. Ozsu, K. Voruganti, and R. Unrau. An asynchronous avoidance-based cache consistency algorithm for client caching dbmss, 1998.
• 19: Raghu Ramakrishnan, Database management systems, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY, 1997
• 20: Eli Tilevich , Yannis Smaragdakis, J-Orchestra: Automatic Java Application Partitioning, Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, p.178-204, June 10-14, 2002
• 21: Vijay V. Vazirani, Approximation algorithms, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, NY, 2001
• 22: Kaladhar Voruganti , M. Tamer Özsu , Ronald C. Unrau, An Adaptive Hybrid Server Architecture for Client Caching ODBMSs, Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, p.150-161, September 07-10, 1999
• 23: Kaladhar Voruganti , M. Tamer Özsu , Ronald C. Unrau, An Adaptive Data-Shipping Architecture for Client Caching Data Management Systems, Distributed and Parallel Databases, v.15 n.2, p.137-177, March 2004 [doi>10.1023/B:DAPD.0000013069.97679.62]
• 24: Cheng Wang , Zhiyuan Li, Parametric analysis for adaptive computation offloading, Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2004 conference on Programming language design and implementation, June 09-11, 2004, Washington DC, USA
• 25: Keqiang Wu , Peng-fei Chuang , David J. Lilja, An active data-aware cache consistency protocol for highly-scalable data-shipping DBMS architectures, Proceedings of the 1st conference on Computing frontiers, April 14-16, 2004, Ischia, Italy [doi>10.1145/977091.977122]
• 26: Fan Yang , Jayavel Shanmugasundaram , Mirek Riedewald , Johannes Gehrke, Hilda: A High-Level Language for Data-DrivenWeb Applications, Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'06), p.32, April 03-07, 2006 [doi>10.1109/ICDE.2006.75]
• 27: F. Yang et al. A unified platform for data driven web applictions with automatic client-server partitioning. Technical report, Cornell University, 2007. http://techreports.library.cornell.edu.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.4 INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
      H.4.m Miscellaneous

Additional Classification:
  D. Software
  D.1 PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES
      D.1.m Miscellaneous
  D.2 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
        D.2.11 Software Architectures
      D.2.8 Metrics
          Subjects: Performance measures

General Terms:
Design, Languages, Measurement, Performance

Keywords:
Hilda, Web 2.0, client server partitioning, data driven application, declarative language