Performance analysis of cross-layered multipath routing and MAC layer solutions for multi-hop ad hoc networks

ABSTRACT

Multipath routing schemes could exploit multiple disjoint routes between any source and destination node, in order to provide aggregate bandwith, fault-tolerance and load-balancing properties. In this paper, we propose a multipath routing scheme for mobile ad hoc networks which extends the Ad Hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol, by introducing a novel load-balancing approach to concurrently distribute the traffic among the multiple paths. The traffic-path allocation scheme is based on cross-layer measurements of path statistics reflecting the size and congestion level of each path. In order to provide an efficient support to the proposed routing scheme at the MAC layer, we also study the composition effect of a MAC forwarding mechanism called Fast Forward (FF), which attempts to reduce the effects of self-contention among frames at the MAC layer. The combined solutions have been modeled and simulated for a large set of scenarios. Results show advantages and drawbacks resulting in guidelines for multi-hop communication under both static and mobile scenarios and different traffic loads.

REFERENCES

• 1: Arup Acharya , Archan Misra , Sorav Bansal, A label-switching packet forwarding architecture for multi-hop wireless LANs, Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Wireless mobile multimedia, September 28-28, 2002, Atlanta, Georgia, USA [doi>10.1145/570790.570797]
• 2: E. M. Belding-Royer, "Routing approaches in mobile ad hoc networks", in Mobile Ad Hoc Networking, vol. 1, no. 1, 2004
• 3: M. Conti, G. Maselli et alt, "Cross-Layering in Mobile Ad Hoc Network Design," Computer Networks, vol. 37, No. 2, 2004
• 4: M. Gerla, S. J. Lee "Split Multipath Routing with Maximally Disjoint Paths in Ad Hoc Networks", IEEE International Conference on Communications, Vol. 10, (2001)
• 5: M. Gerla, Z. Fu, et al, "The impact of multihop wireless channel on TCP throughput and loss", in Proc. of INFOCOM, 2003, San Francisco, CA
• 6: IEEE 802.11 WG, IEEE Std. 802.11, 1999 ed, Part II: Wireless LAN MAC and PHY layer specs.
• 7: Per Johansson , Tony Larsson , Nicklas Hedman , Bartosz Mielczarek , Mikael Degermark, Scenario-based performance analysis of routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks, Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking, p.195-206, August 15-19, 1999, Seattle, Washington, United States [doi>10.1145/313451.313535]
• 8: Xuefei Li , Laurie Cuthbert, A reliable node-disjoint multipath routing with low overhead in wireless ad hoc networks, Proceedings of the 7th ACM international symposium on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems, October 04-06, 2004, Venice, Italy [doi>10.1145/1023663.1023704]
• 9: On-Demand Multi Path Distance Vector Routing in Ad Hoc Networks, Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Network Protocols, p.14, November 11-14, 2001
• 10: S. Mueller and D. Ghosal, "Multipath Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Issues and Challenges", in LNCS Volume 2965/2004.
• 11: A. Nasipuri, J. Zhuang, and S. R. Das, "A Multichannel CSMA MAC Protocol for Multihop Wireless Networks," Wireless Commun. and Net. Conf., IEEE, 1999, pp. 1402--406.
• 12: Network Simulator (NS), www.isi.edu/nsnam
• 13: Charles E. Perkins , Elizabeth M. Royer, Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing, Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications, p.90, February 25-26, 1999
• 14: D. Raguin, M. Kubisch et al., "Queue-driven Cut-through Medium Access in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks", in Proc. of WCNC, 2004
• 15: Siuli Roy , Dola Saha , S. Bandyopadhyay , Tetsuro Ueda , Shinsuke Tanaka, A network-aware MAC and routing protocol for effective load balancing in ad hoc wireless networks with directional antenna, Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing, June 01-03, 2003, Annapolis, Maryland, USA [doi>10.1145/778415.778427]
• 16: C. K. Toh et al., "MARCH: A Medium Access Control Protocol for Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks," MILCOM 21st Century Military Commun. Conf., vol. 1, 2000, pp. 512--16.
• 17: Y. C. Tseng et al., "Dynamic Channel Allocation with Location Awareness for Multi-Hop Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Comp. Commun., vol. 25, 2002, pp. 676--88.
• 18: Shugong Xu , Tarek Saadawi, Revealing the problems with 802.11 medium access control protocol in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, v.38 n.4, p.531-548, 15 March 2002 [doi>10.1016/S1389-1286(01)00273-0]
• 19: Z. Ye, D. Berger et al., "TCP-Friendly Medium Access Control for Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks: Alleviating Self-Contention", in Proc. of MASS, 2004
• 20: Z. Ye, S. V. Krishnamurthy, S. K., Tripathi, "A Framework for Reliable Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM, 2003
• 21: Z. Ye, S. V. Krishnamurthy, S. K., Tripathi, "Effects of multipath routing on TCP Performance in Ad Hoc Networks", in. Proc. of IEEE GLOBECOM 2004
• 22: S. Yin, X. Lin, "MALB: MANET adaptive load balancing", in Proc. of Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004 Volume 4, 26-29 Sept. 2004 Page(s): 2843--2847
• 23: L. Wang, Y. Shu, M. Dong et al, "Adaptive Multipath Source Routing in Ad Hoc Networks", In Proc. IEEE Conference on Communication (ICC01), Helsinki, Finland, June 2001
• 24: H. Wu, Y. Peng et al., "Performance of Reliable Transport Protocol over IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN: Analysis and Enhancement", in Proc. of IEEE Infocom 02, New York, 2004

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
      C.2.1 Network Architecture and Design
          Subjects: Wireless communication

General Terms:
Design, Experimentation, Performance

Keywords:
cross-layering, medium access control, mobile ad hoc networks, multi-hop communication, multi-path routing