Service composition for mobile environments

ABSTRACT

Service Composition, that is, the development of customized services by discovering, integrating and executing existing services has received a lot of attention in the last couple of years with respect to wired-infrastructure or Internet web services. With the advancement in the wireless technology and rapid deployment of mobile devices, we envision that in the near future wirelessly connected mobile devices in a given vicinity will also provide services that can be leveraged in the composition process. This is particularly true of what have been described as "pervasive computing" environments. However, wired-infrastructure based service composition architectures are not designed to consider the various factors like mobility, device heterogeneity, resource variability and reliability in a mobile environment. In this paper, we describe the issues related to service composition in mobile environments and evaluate criteria for judging protocols that enable such composition. We present a distributed architecture and associated protocols for service composition in mobile environments that take into consideration mobility, dynamic changing service topology and device resources. The composition protocols are based on distributed brokerage mechanisms and utilize a distributed service discovery process over ad-hoc network connectivity. We present simulation results of our protocols, and compare them with a centralized service composition protocol traditionally used for wired-infrastructure environments. The results show that our approach clearly outperforms the existing centralized approaches, and that our protocols are able to adapt and better utilize the changing service topology and resources in a mobile environment.

REFERENCES

• 1: [1] Bluetooth White Paper, World Wide Web, http://www.bluetooth. com/developer/whitepaper.
• 2: [2] BPEL4WS, Business process execution language for web services. World Wide Web. http://xml.coverpages.org/bpe14ws.html, 2002.
• 3: [3] F. Casati, S. Ilnicki, L. Jin, V. Krishnamoorthy and M. Shan, Adaptive and dynamic service composition in eFlow. Technical Report, HPL-200039, Software Technology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, March 2000.
• 4: [4] D. Chakraborty and A. Joshi, Dynamic service composition: State-of-the-Art and research directions. Technical report, University of Maryland Baltimore County, December 2001. TR-CS-01-19.
• 5: [5] D. Chakraborty, F. Perich, S. Avancha and A. Joshi, DReggie: A smart service discovery technique for E-Commerce applications, in: 20th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (October 2001).
• 6: Harry Chen , Anupam Joshi , Timothy Finin, Dynamic Service Discovery for Mobile Computing: Intelligent Agents Meet Jini in the Aether, Cluster Computing, v.4 n.4, p.343-354, October 2001 [doi>10.1023/A:1011820829206]
• 7: Sze-Yao Ni , Yu-Chee Tseng , Yuh-Shyan Chen , Jang-Ping Sheu, The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network, Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking, p.151-162, August 15-19, 1999, Seattle, Washington, United States [doi>10.1145/313451.313525]
• 8: [8] DARPA Agent Markup Language. World Wide Web, http:// www.daml.org.
• 9: [9] DARPA Agent Markup Language for Services. World Wide Web, http://www.ai.sri.com/daml/services/daml-s.pdf.
• 10: Boualem Benatallah , Quan Z. Sheng , Marlon Dumas, The Self-Serv Environment for Web Services Composition, IEEE Internet Computing, v.7 n.1, p.40-48, January 2003 [doi>10.1109/MIC.2003.1167338]
• 11: Kutluhan Erol , James Hendler , Dana S. Nau, HTN planning: complexity and expressivity, Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (vol. 2), p.1123-1128, October 1994, Seattle, Washington, United States
• 12: [12] T. Finin, D. Khushraj and A. Joshi, Semantic tuple spaces: A Coordination infrastructure in mobile environments, in: Poster paper, Second International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) (2003).
• 13: Xiang Zeng , Rajive Bagrodia , Mario Gerla, GloMoSim: a library for parallel simulation of large-scale wireless networks, Proceedings of the twelfth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation, p.154-161, May 26-29, 1998, Banff, Alberta, Canada
• 14: [14] S. Helal, N. Desai and Choonhwa Lee. Konark-A service discovery and delivery protocol for ad-hoc networks. in: Proc. Third IEEE Conference on Wireless Communication Networks (WCNC), New Orleans (March 2003).
• 15: Steven E. Czerwinski , Ben Y. Zhao , Todd D. Hodes , Anthony D. Joseph , Randy H. Katz, An architecture for a secure service discovery service, Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking, p.24-35, August 15-19, 1999, Seattle, Washington, United States [doi>10.1145/313451.313462]
• 16: [16] A. Joshi and D. Chakraborty, GSD: A novel group-based service discovery protocol for MANETS. in: IEEE Conference on Mobile and Wireless Communications Networks, Stockholm, Sweden (September 2002).
• 17: [17] A. Joshi and D. Chakraborty, an integrated service discovery and routing protocol for Ad hoc networks. Technical Report, TR-CS-03-23, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, March 2003.
• 18: [18] R. John, UPnP, Jini and Salutaion - A look at some popular coordination framework for future network devices. Technical report, California Software Labs, 1999, Available online from.
• 19: Z. M Mao , Randy H. Katz , Eric A. Brewer, Fault-tolerant, Scalable, Wide-Area Internet Service Composition, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 2001
• 20: Joost Kok , Kaisa Sere, Distributed service composition, Turku Centre for Computer Science, 1999
• 21: [21] Q.H. Mahmoud, A mobile agent-based approach to web-based distributed computing, in: High Performance Computing Systems and Applications , eds., (Kluwer Academic Publishers) (2002).
• 22: Alisha D. Malloy , Upkar Varshney , Andrew P. Snow, Supporting mobile commerce applications using dependable wireless networks, Mobile Networks and Applications, v.7 n.3, p.225-234, June 2002 [doi>10.1023/A:1014578729875]
• 23: [23] D. Mennie and B. Pagurek, An architecture to support dynamic composition of service components, Systems and Computer Engineering. Carleton University, Canada.
• 24: [24] Ontology Web Language. World Wide Web, http://www.w3.org/ TR/2002/WD-webont-req-20020307.
• 25: Vincent D. Park , M. Scott Corson, A Highly Adaptive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks, Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution, p.1405, April 09-11, 1997
• 26: Charles E. Perkins , Pravin Bhagwat, Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, v.24 n.4, p.234-244, Oct. 1994
• 27: Charles E. Perkins , Elizabeth M. Royer, Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing, Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications, p.90, February 25-26, 1999
• 28: Chaitanya Pullela , Liang Xu , Dipanjan Chakraborty , Anupam Joshi, A Component Based Architecture for Mobile Information Access, Proceedings of the 2000 International Workshop on Parallel Processing, p.65, August 21-24, 2000
• 29: Pierre-Antoine Queloz , Alex Villazón, Composition of Services with Mobile Code, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Agent Systems and Applications Third International Symposium on Mobile Agents, p.176, October 03-06, 1999
• 30: [30] O. Ratsimor, D. Chakraborty, A. Joshi and T. Finin, Service discovery in agent-based pervasive computing environments, MONET Special Issue on Mobile and Pervasive Commerce (2003).
• 31: Hans Schuster , Dimitrios Georgakopoulos , Andrzej Cichocki , Donald Baker, Modeling and Composing Service-Based nd Reference Process-Based Multi-enterprise Processes, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, p.247-263, June 05-09, 2000
• 32: [32] N. Srinivasan M. Paolucci, Anupriya Ankolekar and Katia Sycara. The DAML-S virtual machine, in: Proc. 2nd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) (October 2003).
• 33: [33] C. Thompson, P. Pazandak, V. Vasudevan, F. Manola, G. Hansen and T. Bannon, Intermediary architecture: Interposing middleware object services between web client and server, in: Workshop on Compositional Software Architectures. Monterey. California (1998).
• 34: [34] The Ninja Project. UC berkeley computer science division. http://ninja.cs.berkeley.edu.
• 35: [35] The Salutation Consortium Inc 1999. Salutation Architecture Specification (Part 1), Version 2.1 Edition. World Wide Web, http://www.salutation.org.
• 36: [36] D.C.L. Thomas, P. Basu and W. Ke, A novel approach for execution of distributed tasks on mobile ad hoc networks, in: IEEE WCNC. Orlando. Florida (2002).
• 37: Jeffrey Undercoffer , Filip Perich , Andrej Cedilnik , Lalana Kagal , Anupam Joshi, A secure infrastructure for service discovery and access in pervasive computing, Mobile Networks and Applications, v.8 n.2, p.113-125, April 2003 [doi>10.1023/A:1022224912300]
• 38: Upkar Varshney , Ron Vetter, Mobile commerce: framework, applications and networking support, Mobile Networks and Applications, v.7 n.3, p.185-198, June 2002 [doi>10.1023/A:1014570512129]
• 39: [39] Web Services Description Language 1.1. World Wide Web, http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl12.
• 40: [40] Web Services Flow Language. World Wide Web, http://xml. coverpages.org/wsfl.html.
• 41: [41] XLANG. Web services for business process design. World Wide Web. http://xml.coverpages.org/xlang.html. 2001.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.3 INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
      H.3.5 On-line Information Services
          Subjects: Web-based services

Additional Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
      C.2.1 Network Architecture and Design
          Subjects: Wireless communication
      C.2.2 Network Protocols

General Terms:
Design

Keywords:
DAML, broker, mobility, resource heterogeneity, service composition, service discovery