Capacity overprovisioning for networks with resilience requirements

ABSTRACT

This work focuses on capacity overprovisioning (CO) as an alternative to admission control (AC) to implement quality of service (QoS) in packet-switched communication networks. CO prevents potential overload while AC protects the QoS of the traffic during overload situations. Overload may be caused, e. g., by uctuations of the traffic rate on a link due to its normal stochastic behavior (a), by traffic shifts within the network due to popular contents (b), or by redirected traffic due to network failures (c). Capacity dimensioning methods for CO need to take into account all potential sources of overload while AC can block excess traffic caused by (a) and (b) if the capacity does not suffice. The contributions of this paper are (1) the presentation of a capacity dimensioning method for networks with resilience requirements and changing traffic matrices, (2) the investigation of the impact of the mentioned sources of overload (a-c) on the required capacity for CO in networks with and without resilience requirements, and (3) a comparison of this equired capacity with the one for AC. Our results show that in the presence of strong traffic shifts CO requires more capacity than AC. However, if resilience against network failures is required, both CO and AC need additional backup capacity for the redirected traffic. In this case, CO can use the backup capacity to absorb other types of overload. As a consequence, CO and AC have similar bandwidth requirements. These findings are robust against the network size.

REFERENCES

• 1: A. Autenrieth and A. Kirstädter. Engineering End-to-End IP Resilience Using Resilience-Differentiated QoS. IEEE Communications Magazine, 40(1):50--57, Jan. 2002.
• 2: J. Beran, R. Sherman, M. Taqqu, and W. Willinger. Long-Range Dependence in Variable-Bit Rate Video Traffic. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 43(2/3/4):1566--1579, Feb. 1995.
• 3: N. Blefari-Melazzi and M. Femminella. Stateful vs. Stateless Admission Control: Which Can Be the Gap in Utilization Efficiency? In IEEE Infocom, Nov. 2002.
• 4: Lee Breslau , Scott Shenker, Best-effort versus reservations: a simple comparative analysis, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, v.28 n.4, p.3-16, Oct. 1998
• 5: Jin Cao , William S. Cleveland , Dong Lin , Don X. Sun, On the nonstationarity of Internet traffic, Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems, p.102-112, June 2001, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
• 6: J. Cao, W. S. Cleveland, D. Lin, and D. X. Sun. Nonlinear Estimation and Classification, chapter Internet Traffic Tends Toward Poisson and Independent as the Load Increases. Springer, New York, 2002.
• 7: J. Cao and K. Ramanan. A Poisson Limit for Buffer Over ow Probabilities. In IEEE Infocom, 2002.
• 8: Jinwoo Choe , Ness B. Shroff, A central-limit-theorem-based approach for analyzing queue behavior in high-speed networks, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.6 n.5, p.659-671, Oct. 1998 [doi>10.1109/90.731205]
• 9: Mark E. Crovella , Azer Bestavros, Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.5 n.6, p.835-846, Dec. 1997 [doi>10.1109/90.650143]
• 10: T. Dinh, B. Sonkoly, and S. Molnár. Fractal Analysis and Modeling of VoIP Traffic. In International Telecommunication Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (Networks), pages 123--130, Vienna, Austria, June 2004.
• 11: C. Fraleigh, F. Tobabi, and C. Diot. Provisioning IP Backbone Networks to Support Latency Sensitive Traffic. In IEEE Infocom, Apr. 2003.
• 12: Matthias Grossglauser , Jean-Chrysostome Bolot, On the relevance of long-range dependence in network traffic, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.7 n.5, p.629-640, Oct. 1999 [doi>10.1109/90.803379]
• 13: Matthias Grossglauser , David N. C. Tse, A framework for robust measurement-based admission control, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.7 n.3, p.293-309, June 1999 [doi>10.1109/90.779194]
• 14: O. Heckmann and J. Schmitt. Best-Effort versus Reservations Revisited. In 13th IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS), Passau, Germany, June 2005.
• 15: Sugih Jamin , Peter B. Danzig , Scott Shenker , Lixia Zhang, A measurement-based admission control algorithm for integrated services packet networks, Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication, p.2-13, August 28-September 01, 1995, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
• 16: F. P. Kelly. Stochastic Networks: Theory and Applications, volume 4, chapter Notes on Effective Bandwidths, pages 141--168. Oxford University Press, 1996.
• 17: E. Knightly and N. Shroff. Admission Control for Statistical QoS: Theory and Practice. IEEE Network Magazine, 13(2):20--29, 1999.
• 18: Will E. Leland , Murad S. Taqqu , Walter Willinger , Daniel V. Wilson, On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic (extended version), IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.2 n.1, p.1-15, Feb. 1994 [doi>10.1109/90.282603]
• 19: A. Markopoulou, G. Iannaccone, S. Bhattacharyya, and C.-N. Chuah. Characterization of Failures in an IP Backbone. In IEEE Infocom, Hongkong, Mar. 2004.
• 20: R. Martin, M. Menth, and J. Charzinski. Comparison of Border-to-Border Budget Based Network Admission Control and Capacity Overprovisioning. In 4th IFIP-TC6 Networking Conference (Networking), pages 1056--1068, Waterloo, Canada, May 2005.
• 21: M. Menth. Efficient Admission Control and Routing in Resilient Communication Networks. PhD thesis, University of Würzburg, Faculty of Computer Science, Am Hubland, July 2004.
• 22: M. Menth , J. Milbrandt , S. Oechsner, Experience-based admission control (EBAC), Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Computers and Communications 2004 Volume 2 (ISCC"04), p.903-910, June 28-July 01, 2004
• 23: Kazutaka Murakami , Hyong S. Kim, Optimal capacity and flow assignment for self-healing ATM networks based on line and end-to-end restoration, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.6 n.2, p.207-221, April 1998 [doi>10.1109/90.664269]
• 24: K. Nichols , V. Jacobson , L. Zhang, A Two-bit Differentiated Services Architecture for the Internet, RFC Editor, 1999
• 25: P. Pan, G. Swallow, and A. Atlas. RFC4090: Fast Reroute Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Tunnels, May 2005.
• 26: K. Papagiannaki, N. Taft, Z.-L. Zhang, and C. Diot. Long-Term Forecasting of Internet Backbone Traffic: Observations and Initial Models. In IEEE Infocom, San Francisco, CA, Apr. 2003.
• 27: Vern Paxson , Sally Floyd, Wide area traffic: the failure of Poisson modeling, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.3 n.3, p.226-244, June 1995 [doi>10.1109/90.392383]
• 28: A. Pras, R. van de Meent, and M. Mandjes. QoS in Hybrid Networks An Operator's Perspective. In 13th IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS), Passau, Germany, June 2005.
• 29: J. Roberts, U. Mocci, and J. Virtamo. Broadband Network Teletraffic - Final Report of Action COST 242. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1996.
• 30: J. W. Roberts. Traffic Theory and the Internet. IEEE Communications Magazine, 1(3):94--99, Jan. 2001.
• 31: K. W. Ross and D. H. K. Tsang. The Stochastik Knapsack Problem. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 37(7):740--747, 1989.
• 32: T. Schwabe and C. G. Gruber. Traffic Variations Caused by Inter-domain Re-routing. In International Workshop on the Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN), Ischia Island, Italy, Oct. 2005.
• 33: S. Shenker. Fundamental Design Issues for the Future Internet. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(7):1176--1188, Sept. 1995.
• 34: Ion Stoica , Hui Zhang, Providing guaranteed services without per flow management, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, v.29 n.4, p.81-94, Oct. 1999
• 35: R. Szábó, T. Henk, V. Rexhepi, and G. Karagiannis. Resource Management in Differentiated Services (RMD) IP Networks. In International Conference on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies and Applications (ICETA 2001), Kosice, Slovak Republic, Oct. 2001.
• 36: H. Tuan Tran and T. Ziegler. Adaptive Bandwidth Provisioning with Explicit Respect to QoS Requirements. In International Workshop on Quality of future Internet Services (QofIS), Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 2003.
• 37: R. van de Meent and M. Mandjes. Evaluation of 'User-Oriented' and 'Black Box' Traffic Models for Link Provisioning. In 1st Conference on Next Generation Internet Design and Engineering (NGI), Rome, Italy, Apr. 2005.
• 38: R. van de Meent, A. Pras, M. Mandjes, H. van den Berg, and L. Nieuwenhuis. Traffic Measurement for Link Dimensioning: A Case Study. In 14th IFIP/IEEE Workshop on Distributed Systems: Operations and Management (DSOM), pages 106--117, Oct. 2003.
• 39: Hans van den Berg , Michel Mandjes , Remco van de Meent , Aiko Pras , Frank Roijers , Pieter Venemans, QoS-aware bandwidth provisioning for IP network links, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, v.50 n.5, p.631-647, 6 April 2006 [doi>10.1016/j.comnet.2005.05.028]
• 40: G. van Hoey, D. de Vleeschauwer, B. Steyaert, V. Ingelbrecht, and H. Brunel. Benefit of Admission Control in Aggregation Network Dimensioning for Video Services. In 3rd IFIP-TC6 Networking Conference (Networking), pages 357--368, Athens, Greece, May 2004.
• 41: Zhi-Li Zhang , Zhenhai Duan , Lixin Gao , Yiwei Thomas Hou, Decoupling QoS control from core routers: a novel bandwidth broker architecture for scalable support of guaranteed services, Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication, p.71-83, August 28-September 01, 2000, Stockholm, Sweden
• 42: Z.-L. Zhang, V. J. Riberio, S. Moon, and C. Diot. Small-Time Scaling Behaviors of Internet Backbone Traffic: An Empirical Study. In IEEE Infocom, San Francisco, CA, Apr. 2003.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.4 PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS

General Terms:
Design, Economics, Performance, Reliability

Keywords:
QoS, admission control, capacity overprovisioning