OrthoZoom scroller: 1D multi-scale navigation

ABSTRACT

This article introduces the OrthoZoom Scroller, a novel interaction technique that improves target acquisition in very large one-dimensional spaces. The OrthoZoom Scroller requires only a mouse to perform panning and zooming in a 1D space. Panning is performed along the slider dimension while zooming is performed along the orthogonal one. We present a controlled experiment showing that the OrthoZoom Scroller is about twice as fast as Speed Dependant Automatic Zooming to perform pointing tasks whose index of difficulty is in the 10-30 bits range. We also present an application to browse large textual documents with the OrthoZoom Scroller that uses semantic zooming and snapping on the structure.

REFERENCES

• 1: Christopher Ahlberg , Ben Shneiderman, The alphaslider: a compact and rapid selector, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: celebrating interdependence, p.365-371, April 24-28, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts, United States [doi>10.1145/191666.191790]
• 2: Yuji Ayatsuka , Jun Rekimoto , Satoshi Matsuoka, Popup vernier: a tool for sub-pixel-pitch dragging with smooth mode transition, Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, p.39-48, November 01-04, 1998, San Francisco, California, United States [doi>10.1145/288392.288407]
• 3: Benjamin B. Bederson , Jesse Grosjean , Jon Meyer, Toolkit Design for Interactive Structured Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.30 n.8, p.535-546, August 2004 [doi>10.1109/TSE.2004.44]
• 4: Frédéric Bourgeois , Yves Guiard , Michel Beaudouin Lafon, Pan-zoom coordination in multi-scale pointing, CHI '01 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, March 31-April 05, 2001, Seattle, Washington [doi>10.1145/634067.634163]
• 5: Cockburn, A. and Savage, J., Comparing Speed-Dependent Automatic Zooming with Traditional Scroll, Pan and Zoom Methods. in in People and Computers XVII (Proceedings of the 2003 British Computer Society Conference on Human-Computer Interaction.), (Bath, UK, 2003), Springer-Verlag, 87--102.
• 6: Jean-Daniel Fekete, The InfoVis Toolkit, Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS'04), p.167-174, October 10-12, 2004 [doi>10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.64]
• 7: Fitts, P.M. The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47 (6). 381--391.
• 8: George W. Furnas , Benjamin B. Bederson, Space-scale diagrams: understanding multiscale interfaces, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.234-241, May 07-11, 1995, Denver, Colorado, United States [doi>10.1145/223904.223934]
• 9: Yves Guiard , Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, Target acquisition in multiscale electronic worlds, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, v.61 n.6, p.875-905, December 2004 [doi>10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.09.005]
• 10: Yves Guiard , Michel Beaudouin-Lafon , Julien Bastin , Dennis Pasveer , Shumin Zhai, View size and pointing difficulty in multi-scale navigation, Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces, May 25-28, 2004, Gallipoli, Italy [doi>10.1145/989863.989881]
• 11: Yves Guiard , Michel Beaudouin-Lafon , Denis Mottet, Navigation as multiscale pointing: extending Fitts' model to very high precision tasks, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: the CHI is the limit, p.450-457, May 15-20, 1999, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States [doi>10.1145/302979.303128]
• 12: Guiard, Y., Bourgeois, F., Mottet, D. and Beaudouin-Lafon, M., Beyond the 10-bit barrier: Fitts' law in multiscale electronic worlds. in People and Computers XV Interactions without frontiers. Proceedings of IHM-HCI 2001, (Lille, France, 2001), Springer-Verlag, 573--587.
• 13: Ken Hinckley , Edward Cutrell , Steve Bathiche , Tim Muss, Quantitative analysis of scrolling techniques, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Changing our world, changing ourselves, April 20-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA [doi>10.1145/503376.503389]
• 14: Takeo Igarashi , Ken Hinckley, Speed-dependent automatic zooming for browsing large documents, Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, p.139-148, November 06-08, 2000, San Diego, California, United States [doi>10.1145/354401.354435]
• 15: Robert J. K. Jacob , Linda E. Sibert , Daniel C. McFarlane , M. Preston Mullen, Jr., Integrality and separability of input devices, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), v.1 n.1, p.3-26, March 1994 [doi>10.1145/174630.174631]
• 16: Juha Lehikoinen , Mika Röykkee, BinScroll: a rapid selection technique for alphanumeric lists, CHI '00 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, April 01-06, 2000, The Hague, The Netherlands [doi>10.1145/633292.633445]
• 17: Toshiyuki Masui, LensBar - Visualization for Browsing and Filtering Large Lists of Data, Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, p.113-120, October 19-20, 1998, North Carolina
• 18: Toshiyuki Masui , Kouichi Kashiwagi , George R. Borden, IV, Elastic graphical interfaces to precise data manipulation, Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems, p.143-144, May 07-11, 1995, Denver, Colorado, United States [doi>10.1145/223355.223471]
• 19: Tomer Moscovich , John F. Hughes, Navigating documents with the virtual scroll ring, Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, October 24-27, 2004, Santa Fe, NM, USA [doi>10.1145/1029632.1029642]
• 20: Stuart Pook , Eric Lecolinet , Guy Vaysseix , Emmanuel Barillot, Control menus: excecution and control in a single interactor, CHI '00 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, April 01-06, 2000, The Hague, The Netherlands [doi>10.1145/633292.633446]
• 21: Gonzalo Ramos , Ravin Balakrishnan, Fluid interaction techniques for the control and annotation of digital video, Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, p.105-114, November 02-05, 2003, Vancouver, Canada [doi>10.1145/964696.964708]
• 22: Gonzalo Ramos , Ravin Balakrishnan, Zliding: fluid zooming and sliding for high precision parameter manipulation, Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, October 23-26, 2005, Seattle, WA, USA [doi>10.1145/1095034.1095059]
• 23: Shneiderman, B., Direct Manipulation: a Step Beyond Programming Languages. in IEEE Computer, (1983), 57--69.
• 24: G. M. Smith , m. c. schraefel, The radial scroll tool: scrolling support for stylus- or touch-based document navigation, Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, October 24-27, 2004, Santa Fe, NM, USA [doi>10.1145/1029632.1029641]
• 25: R. William Soukoreff , I. Scott MacKenzie, Towards a standard for pointing device evaluation, perspectives on 27 years of Fitts' law research in HCI, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, v.61 n.6, p.751-789, December 2004 [doi>10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.09.001]
• 26: S. Zhai , B. A. Smith, Multistream input: an experimental study of document scrolling methods, IBM Systems Journal, v.38 n.4, p.642-651, Dec. 1999

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.5 INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (I.7)
      H.5.2 User Interfaces (D.2.2, H.1.2, I.3.6)

Additional Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.6 Methodology and Techniques

Keywords:
interaction technique, multi-scale navigation, pointing task, scrolling task