Integrating web 2D and 3D technologies for architectural visualization: applications of SVG and X3D/VRML in environmental behavior simulation

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a new environment-user modeling approach that utilizes and integrates Web-based 2D and 3D technologies (SVG and X3D/VRML) for architectural visualization and demonstrates their applications in environmental behavior simulation. Our environment model possesses not only geometric information of design elements but also non-geometric information about the usability of these elements, specifically, the relationships between the elements and the intended users. This relationship, which was implicitly understood by designers, now becomes explicit to simulated users (Virtual Users), through XML's rich semantics. Our approach utilizes CAD models and automates the conversion from CAD models to usability-based environment models (in SVG and X3D formats) and therefore requires minimal additional effort in preparing environment data for behavior simulation, which has proven to be efficient and effective. It also utilizes humanoid models (H-Anim in VRML) and builds agent-based Virtual User models that emulate the appearance, cognition, social traits, and physical behaviors of real users. The application of this approach in architecture results in the simulation and visualization of users' behavior in public spaces that can help evaluate the impact of environments on human behavior.

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INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.8 Applications

Additional Classification:
  J. Computer Applications
  J.6 COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING
      Subjects: Computer-aided design (CAD)

Keywords:
SVG, VRML, X3D, architectural visualization, behavior simulation