Topology control for balanced energy consumption in emergency wireless deployments

ABSTRACT

Wireless networks became an integral component of nowadays communication infrastructure and, due to their mobility and limited battery life, energy efficiency needs an important design consideration. Such networks are usually modeled by so called mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) models, further represented as simple graphs where the vertices have precise geometric locations and edges are straight lines.Topology control is concerned with the assignment of different transmission power to wireless devices antenna such that the obtained ad-hoc networks satisfy some specific properties (connectivity, planarity, minimum energy, bounded degree, etc.). In this paper, we study the energy-balanced topology control problem, which is defined as follows: given a set of hosts in an ad hoc network, adjust the transmission power of each host so that the resultant network topology is connected and the maximum energy consumption among all the hosts is minimized. This problem has been solved by Ramanathan et. all [12] for static ad-hoc networks in a 2D environment.We extend the algorithm from [12] for a dynamic environment in both 2D and 3D environment. We describe a communication protocol on top of this algorithm in order to ensure the connectivity and the energy balanced properties.During the movement of nodes, the topology has to be changed. Since, in our protocol, each reconfiguration implies that all the nodes will transmit at maximum power, we study the influence of increasing the transmission radius of each node, by a fixed percent, over the number of reconfiguration needed, in order to maintain the network connectivity. Using an original network simulator, we show that the decreasing in the number of reconfigurations is exponential in terms of percentage of transmission radius increasing, which leads to a trade-off between the energy consumptions due to reconfigurations and due to the increased transmission radius. We also study the implication of other factors over the number of reconfigurations, such as node density, maximum transmission range, and different movement parameters (speed, changing of direction time).

REFERENCES

• 1: W.-T. Chen and N.-F. Huang. The strongly connecting problem on multihop packet radio networks, IEEE Trans. Comm., 37(3):293--295, 1989.
• 2: Z. Haas, J. Halpern and L. Li. Gossip-based ad hoc routing, in IEEE INFOCOM, 2002.
• 3: Lefteris M. Kirousis , Evangelos Kranakis , Danny Krizanc , Andrzej Pelc, Power Consumption in Packet Radio Networks (Extended Abstract), Proceedings of the 14th Annual Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, p.363-374, February 27-March 01, 1997
• 4: X.-Y. Li. Algorithmic, geometric and graphs issues in wireless networks, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 3(2):119--140, 2003.
• 5: Yingshu Li , Xiaoyan Cheng , Weili Wu, Optimal topology control for balanced energy consumption in wireless networks, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, v.65 n.2, p.124-131, February 2005 [doi>10.1016/j.jpdc.2004.09.014]
• 6: N. Li and J. C. Hou. Topology control in heterogeneous wireless networks: Problems and solutions, INFOCOM, 2004.
• 7: Deying Li , Xiaohua Jia , Hai Liu, Energy Efficient Broadcast Routing in Static Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, v.3 n.2, p.144-151, April 2004 [doi>10.1109/TMC.2004.10]
• 8: Errol L. Lloyd , Rui Liu , Madhav V. Marathe , Ram Ramanathan , S. S. Ravi, Algorithmic aspects of topology control problems for ad hoc networks, Mobile Networks and Applications, v.10 n.1-2, p.19-34, February 2005 [doi>10.1145/1046430.1046433]
• 9: Xiang-Yang Li , Kousha Moaveninejad , Ophir Frieder, Regional gossip routing for wireless ad hoc networks, Mobile Networks and Applications, v.10 n.1-2, p.61-77, February 2005 [doi>10.1145/1046430.1046436]
• 10: Rajmohan Rajaraman, Topology control and routing in ad hoc networks: a survey, ACM SIGACT News, v.33 n.2, June 2002 [doi>10.1145/564585.564602]
• 11: Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 1996
• 12: R. Ramanathan and R. Rosales-Hain. Topology control of multihop wireless networks using transmit power adjustment, in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Tel-Aviv, Israel, pp. 404--413, 2000.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  J. Computer Applications
  J.m MISCELLANEOUS

General Terms:
Performance, Reliability

Keywords:
MANET, emergency communications, energy efficient protocols, topology control, wireless communications