Name disambiguation in author citations using a K-way spectral clustering method

ABSTRACT

An author may have multiple names and multiple authors may share the same name simply due to name abbreviations, identical names, or name misspellings in publications or bibliographies ¹. This can produce name ambiguity which can affect the performance of document retrieval, web search, and database integration, and may cause improper attribution of credit. Proposed here is an unsupervised learning approach using K-way spectral clustering that disambiguates authors in citations. The approach utilizes three types of citation attributes: co-author names, paper titles, and publication venue titles ². The approach is illustrated with 16 name datasets with citations collected from the DBLP database bibliography and author home pages and shows that name disambiguation can be achieved using these citation attributes.

REFERENCES

• 1: Digital bibliography & library project. http://WWW.Informatik.Uni-Trier.DE/ley/db/index.html.
• 2: Getty's ULAN (Union List of Artist's Names). http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting research/vocabularies/ulan/.
• 3: The library of congress name authority file. http://www.loc.gov/marc/authority/index.html.
• 4: Yossi Azar , Amos Fiat , Anna Karlin , Frank McSherry , Jared Saia, Spectral analysis of data, Proceedings of the thirty-third annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing, p.619-626, July 2001, Hersonissos, Greece [doi>10.1145/380752.380859]
• 5: Ricardo A. Baeza-Yates , Berthier Ribeiro-Neto, Modern Information Retrieval, Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 1999
• 6: L. Douglas Baker , Andrew Kachites McCallum, Distributional clustering of words for text classification, Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, p.96-103, August 24-28, 1998, Melbourne, Australia [doi>10.1145/290941.290970]
• 7: Satanjeev Banerjee , Ted Pedersen, An Adapted Lesk Algorithm for Word Sense Disambiguation Using WordNet, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, p.136-145, February 17-23, 2002
• 8: Y. Bar-Shalom, Tracking and data association, Academic Press Professional, Inc., San Diego, CA, 1987
• 9: M. Bilenko, R. Mooney, W. Cohen, P. Ravikumar, and S. Fienberg. Adaptive name matching in information integration. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 18(5):16--23, 2003.
• 10: Dina Bitton , David J. DeWitt, Duplicate record elimination in large data files, ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), v.8 n.2, p.255-265, June 1983 [doi>10.1145/319983.319987]
• 11: L. K. Branting. Name-matching algorithms for legal case-management systems. Journal of Information, Law and Technology (JILT), 1, 2002.
• 12: Mary Elaine Califf , Raymond J. Mooney, Relational learning of pattern-match rules for information extraction, Proceedings of the sixteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence and the eleventh Innovative applications of artificial intelligence conference innovative applications of artificial intelligence, p.328-334, July 18-22, 1999, Orlando, Florida, United States
• 13: William W. Cohen , Henry Kautz , David McAllester, Hardening soft information sources, Proceedings of the sixth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, p.255-259, August 20-23, 2000, Boston, Massachusetts, United States [doi>10.1145/347090.347141]
• 14: Ido Dagan , Fernando Pereira , Lillian Lee, Similarity-based estimation of word cooccurrence probabilities, Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, p.272-278, June 27-30, 1994, Las Cruces, New Mexico [doi>10.3115/981732.981770]
• 15: L. Daniel and J. Slezak. Street talk: the word on address-matching. Business Geographics, pages 26--33, 1995.
• 16: Inderjit S. Dhillon , Subramanyam Mallela , Rahul Kumar, A divisive information theoretic feature clustering algorithm for text classification, The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, 3/1/2003
• 17: T. DiLauro, G. S. Choudhury, M. Patton, J. W. Warner, and E. W. Brown. Automated name authority control and enhanced searching in the levy collection. D-Lib Magazine, 7(4), 2001.
• 18: W. B. Dolan. Word sense ambiguation: Clustering related senses. Technical report, 1994.
• 19: P. Drineas , Alan Frieze , Ravi Kannan , Santosh Vempala , V. Vinay, Clustering in large graphs and matrices, Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms, p.291-299, January 17-19, 1999, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
• 20: D. G. Feitelson. On identifying name equivalences in digital libraries. Information Research, 9(4):192, 2004.
• 21: I. P. Fellegi and A. B. Sunter. A theory for record linkage. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 64:1183--1210, 1969.
• 22: William B. Frakes , Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Information retrieval: data structures and algorithms, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1992
• 23: C. Lee Giles , Kurt D. Bollacker , Steve Lawrence, CiteSeer: an automatic citation indexing system, Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries, p.89-98, June 23-26, 1998, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States [doi>10.1145/276675.276685]
• 24: P. Gillman. National name authority file: Report to the national council on archives. Technical Report British Library Research and Innovation Report 91, The British Library Board, 1998.
• 25: Hui Han , C. Lee Giles , Eren Manavoglu , Hongyuan Zha , Zhenyue Zhang , Edward A. Fox, Automatic document metadata extraction using support vector machines, Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, May 27-31, 2003, Houston, Texas
• 26: Hui Han , Lee Giles , Hongyuan Zha , Cheng Li , Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis, Two supervised learning approaches for name disambiguation in author citations, Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, June 07-11, 2004, Tuscon, AZ, USA [doi>10.1145/996350.996419]
• 27: Mauricio A. Hernández , Salvatore J. Stolfo, Real-world Data is Dirty: Data Cleansing and The Merge/Purge Problem, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, v.2 n.1, p.9-37, January 1998 [doi>10.1023/A:1009761603038]
• 28: R. Kannan , S. Vempala , A. Veta, On clusterings-good, bad and spectral, Proceedings of the 41st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, p.367, November 12-14, 2000
• 29: J. Karlgren and M. Sahlgren. From words to understanding. In Kanerva et al. (eds.) Foundations of Real World Intelligence. CSLI publications, pages 294--308, 2001.
• 30: R. Krovetz , W. B. Croft, Word sense disambiguation using machine-readable dictionaries, Proceedings of the 12th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, p.127-136, June 25-28, 1989, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
• 31: Mong Li Lee , Tok Wang Ling , Wai Lup Low, IntelliClean: a knowledge-based intelligent data cleaner, Proceedings of the sixth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, p.290-294, August 20-23, 2000, Boston, Massachusetts, United States [doi>10.1145/347090.347154]
• 32: Hang Li , Naoki Abe, Word clustering and disambiguation based on co-occurrence data, Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics, p.749-755, August 10-14, 1998, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
• 33: Dekang Lin , Patrick Pantel, Concept discovery from text, Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Computational linguistics, p.1-7, August 24-September 01, 2002, Taipei, Taiwan [doi>10.3115/1072228.1072372]
• 34: Andrew McCallum , Kamal Nigam , Lyle H. Ungar, Efficient clustering of high-dimensional data sets with application to reference matching, Proceedings of the sixth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, p.169-178, August 20-23, 2000, Boston, Massachusetts, United States [doi>10.1145/347090.347123]
• 35: A. E. Monge and C. Elkan. An efficient domain-independent algorithm for detecting approximately duplicate database records. In Research Issues on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, pages 23--29, 1997.
• 36: A. Ng, M. Jordan, and Y. Weiss. On spectral clustering: Analysis and an algorithm. In Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pages 849--856, 2001.
• 37: H. Pasula, B. Marthi, B. Milch, S. Russell, and I. Shpitser. Identity uncertainty and citation matching. In Proceedings of Neural Information Processing Systems: Natural and Synthetic, number 15, 2002.
• 38: Fernando Pereira , Naftali Tishby , Lillian Lee, Distributional clustering of English words, Proceedings of the 31st annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, p.183-190, June 22-26, 1993, Columbus, Ohio [doi>10.3115/981574.981598]
• 39: Ari Pirkola , Jarmo Toivonen , Heikki Keskustalo , Kari Visala , Kalervo Järvelin, Fuzzy translation of cross-lingual spelling variants, Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval, July 28-August 01, 2003, Toronto, Canada [doi>10.1145/860435.860498]
• 40: Alex Pothen , Horst D. Simon , Kan-Pu Liou, Partitioning sparse matrices with eigenvectors of graphs, SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, v.11 n.3, p.430-452, Jul. 1990 [doi>10.1137/0611030]
• 41: K. Seymore, A. McCallum, and R. Rosenfeld. Learning hidden Markov model structure for information extraction. In Proceedings of AAAI 99 Workshop on Machine Learning for Information Extraction, 1999.
• 42: Jianbo Shi , Jitendra Malik, Normalized Cuts and Image Segmentation, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, v.22 n.8, p.888-905, August 2000 [doi>10.1109/34.868688]
• 43: M. Skounakis, M. Craven, and S. Ray. Hierarchical hidden markov models for information extraction. In Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2003.
• 44: Atsuhiro Takasu, Bibliographic attribute extraction from erroneous references based on a statistical model, Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, May 27-31, 2003, Houston, Texas
• 45: Sheila Tejada , Craig A. Knoblock , Steven Minton, Learning domain-independent string transformation weights for high accuracy object identification, Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, July 23-26, 2002, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada [doi>10.1145/775047.775099]
• 46: Egidio Terra , C. L. A. Clarke, Frequency estimates for statistical word similarity measures, Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology, p.165-172, May 27-June 01, 2003, Edmonton, Canada [doi>10.3115/1073445.1073477]
• 47: H. R. Turtle and W. B. Croft. Uncertainty in information retrieval systems. Uncertainty Management in Information Systems, pages 189--224, 1996.
• 48: James W. Warnner , Elizabeth W. Brown, Automated name authority control, Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, p.21-22, January 2001, Roanoke, Virginia, United States [doi>10.1145/379437.379441]
• 49: Dominic Widdows , Beate Dorow, A graph model for unsupervised lexical acquisition, Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Computational linguistics, p.1-7, August 24-September 01, 2002, Taipei, Taiwan [doi>10.3115/1072228.1072342]
• 50: Wei Xu , Xin Liu , Yihong Gong, Document clustering based on non-negative matrix factorization, Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval, July 28-August 01, 2003, Toronto, Canada [doi>10.1145/860435.860485]
• 51: Y. Y. Yao, S. Wong, and L. S. Wang. A non-numeric approach to uncertain reasoning. International Journal of General Systems, 23(4):343--359, 1995.
• 52: H. Zha, C. Ding, M. Gu, X. He, and H. Simon. Spectral relaxation for k-means clustering. In Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2001), pages 1057--1064, 2001.
• 53: Hongyuan Zha , Xiaofeng He , Chris Ding , Horst Simon , Ming Gu, Bipartite graph partitioning and data clustering, Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information and knowledge management, October 05-10, 2001, Atlanta, Georgia, USA [doi>10.1145/502585.502591]

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.3 INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
      H.3.3 Information Search and Retrieval

General Terms:
Algorithms

Keywords:
feature selection, name disambiguation, spectral clustering, unsupervised learning