Browsing fatigue in handhelds: semantic bookmarking spells relief

ABSTRACT

Focused Web browsing activities such as periodically looking up headline news, weather reports, etc., which require only selective fragments of particular Web pages, can be made more efficient for users of limited-display-size handheld mobile devices by delivering only the target fragments. Semantic bookmarks provide a robust conceptual framework for recording and retrieving such targeted content not only from the specific pages used in creating the bookmarks but also from any user-specified page with similar content semantics. This paper describes a technique for realizing semantic bookmarks by coupling machine learning with Web page segmentation to create a statistical model of the bookmarked content. These models are used to identify and retrieve the bookmarked content from Web pages that share a common content domain. In contrast to ontology-based approaches where semantic bookmarks are limited to available concepts in the ontology, the learning-based approach allows users to bookmark ad-hoc personalized semantic concepts to effectively target content that fits the limited display of handhelds. User evaluation measuring the effectiveness of a prototype implementation of learning-based semantic bookmarking at reducing browsing fatigue in handhelds is provided.

REFERENCES

• 1: Arvind Arasu , Hector Garcia-Molina , Stanford University, Extracting structured data from Web pages, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, June 09-12, 2003, San Diego, California [doi>10.1145/872757.872799]
• 2: Yariv Aridor , David Carmel , Yoëlle S. Maarek , Aya Soffer , Ronny Lempel, Knowledge encapsulation for focused search from pervasive devices, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web, p.754-764, May 01-05, 2001, Hong Kong, Hong Kong [doi>10.1145/371920.372195]
• 3: Ziv Bar-Yossef , Sridhar Rajagopalan, Template detection via data mining and its applications, Proceedings of the 11th international conference on World Wide Web, May 07-11, 2002, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA [doi>10.1145/511446.511522]
• 4: Timothy W. Bickmore , Bill N. Schilit, Digestor: device-independent access to the World Wide Web, Selected papers from the sixth international conference on World Wide Web, p.1075-1082, September 1997, Santa Clara, California, United States
• 5: George Buchanan , Sarah Farrant , Matt Jones , Harold Thimbleby , Gary Marsden , Michael Pazzani, Improving mobile internet usability, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web, p.673-680, May 01-05, 2001, Hong Kong, Hong Kong [doi>10.1145/371920.372181]
• 6: Orkut Buyukkokten , Hector Garcia-Molina , Andreas Paepcke, Focused Web searching with PDAs, Proceedings of the 9th international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks : the international journal of computer and telecommunications netowrking, p.213-230, June 2000, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
• 7: Orkut Buyukkokten , Hector Garcia-Molina , Andreas Paepcke, Accordion summarization for end-game browsing on PDAs and cellular phones, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.213-220, March 2001, Seattle, Washington, United States [doi>10.1145/365024.365102]
• 8: Orkut Buyukkokten , Hector Garcia-Molina , Andreas Paepcke, Seeing the whole in parts: text summarization for web browsing on handheld devices, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web, p.652-662, May 01-05, 2001, Hong Kong, Hong Kong [doi>10.1145/371920.372178]
• 9: Orkut Buyukkokten , Hector Garcia-Molina , Andreas Paepcke , Terry Winograd, Power browser: efficient Web browsing for PDAs, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.430-437, April 01-06, 2000, The Hague, The Netherlands [doi>10.1145/332040.332470]
• 10: Dan Chalmers , Morris Sloman , Naranker Dulay, Map adaptation for users of mobile systems, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web, p.735-744, May 01-05, 2001, Hong Kong, Hong Kong [doi>10.1145/371920.372193]
• 11: Chia-Hui Chang , Shao-Chen Lui, IEPAD: information extraction based on pattern discovery, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web, p.681-688, May 01-05, 2001, Hong Kong, Hong Kong [doi>10.1145/371920.372182]
• 12: Yu Chen , Wei-Ying Ma , Hong-Jiang Zhang, Detecting web page structure for adaptive viewing on small form factor devices, Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web, May 20-24, 2003, Budapest, Hungary [doi>10.1145/775152.775184]
• 13: Reverse Engineering for Web Data: From Visual to Semantic Structures, Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Data Engineering, p.53, February 26-March 01, 2002
• 14: Philipp Cimiano , Siegfried Handschuh , Steffen Staab, Towards the self-annotating web, Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, May 17-20, 2004, New York, NY, USA [doi>10.1145/988672.988735]
• 15: Valter Crescenzi , Giansalvatore Mecca , Paolo Merialdo, RoadRunner: Towards Automatic Data Extraction from Large Web Sites, Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, p.109-118, September 11-14, 2001
• 16: Stephen Dill , Nadav Eiron , David Gibson , Daniel Gruhl , R. Guha , Anant Jhingran , Tapas Kanungo , Sridhar Rajagopalan , Andrew Tomkins , John A. Tomlin , Jason Y. Zien, SemTag and seeker: bootstrapping the semantic web via automated semantic annotation, Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web, May 20-24, 2003, Budapest, Hungary [doi>10.1145/775152.775178]
• 17: M. Dzbor, J. Domingue, and E. Motta. Magpie - towards a semantic web browser. In Intl. Semantic Web Conf. (ISWC), 2003.
• 18: Siegfried Handschuh , Steffen Staab, Authoring and annotation of web pages in CREAM, Proceedings of the 11th international conference on World Wide Web, May 07-11, 2002, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA [doi>10.1145/511446.511506]
• 19: J. Heflin, J. A. Hendler, and S. Luke. SHOE: A blueprint for the semantic web. In D. Fensel, J. A. Hendler, H. Lieberman, and W. Wahlster, editors, Spinning the Semantic Web, pages 29--63. MIT Press, 2003.
• 20: Matt Jones , Gary Marsden , Norliza Mohd-Nasir , Kevin Boone , George Buchanan, Improving Web interaction on small displays, Proceeding of the eighth international conference on World Wide Web, p.1129-1137, May 1999, Toronto, Canada
• 21: Eija Kaasinen , Matti Aaltonen , Juha Kolari , Suvi Melakoski , Timo Laakko, Two approaches to bringing Internet services to WAP devices, Proceedings of the 9th international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks : the international journal of computer and telecommunications netowrking, p.231-246, June 2000, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
• 22: José Kahan , Marja-Ritta Koivunen, Annotea: an open RDF infrastructure for shared Web annotations, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web, p.623-632, May 01-05, 2001, Hong Kong, Hong Kong [doi>10.1145/371920.372166]
• 23: Anne Kaikkonen , Virpi Roto, Navigating in a mobile XHTML application, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, April 05-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA [doi>10.1145/642611.642669]
• 24: Alberto H. F. Laender , Berthier A. Ribeiro-Neto , Altigran S. da Silva , Juliana S. Teixeira, A brief survey of web data extraction tools, ACM SIGMOD Record, v.31 n.2, June 2002 [doi>10.1145/565117.565137]
• 25: Wai Yip Lum , Francis C. M. Lau, A Context-Aware Decision Engine for Content Adaptation, IEEE Pervasive Computing, v.1 n.3, p.41-49, July 2002 [doi>10.1109/MPRV.2002.1037721]
• 26: N. Milic-Frayling and R. Sommerer. Smartview: Flexible viewing of web page contents. In Intl. World Wide Web Conf. (WWW), 2002.
• 27: Saikat Mukherjee , I. V. Ramakrishnan , Michael Kifer, Semantic bookmarking for non-visual web access, Proceedings of the 6th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility, October 18-20, 2004, Atlanta, GA, USA
• 28: Saikat Mukherjee , I. V. Ramakrishnan , Amarjeet Singh, Bootstrapping Semantic Annotation for Content-Rich HTML Documents, Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'05), p.583-593, April 05-08, 2005 [doi>10.1109/ICDE.2005.28]
• 29: S. Mukherjee, G. Yang, and I. Ramakrishnan. Automatic annotation of content-rich html documents: Structural and semantic analysis. In Intl. Semantic Web Conf. (ISWC), 2003.
• 30: B. Popov, A. Kiryakov, A. Kirilov, D. Manov, D. Ognyanoff, and M. Goranov. KIM - semantic annotation platform. In Intl. Semantic Web Conf. (ISWC), 2003.
• 31: D. A. Quan , R. Karger, How to make a semantic web browser, Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, May 17-20, 2004, New York, NY, USA [doi>10.1145/988672.988707]
• 32: Lakshmish Ramaswamy , Arun Iyengar , Ling Liu , Fred Douglis, Automatic detection of fragments in dynamically generated web pages, Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, May 17-20, 2004, New York, NY, USA [doi>10.1145/988672.988732]
• 33: Ruihua Song , Haifeng Liu , Ji-Rong Wen , Wei-Ying Ma, Learning block importance models for web pages, Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, May 17-20, 2004, New York, NY, USA [doi>10.1145/988672.988700]
• 34: T.-L. Wong and W. Lam. Text mining from site invariant and dependent features for information extraction knowledge adaptation. In SIAM Intl. Conf. on Data Mining (SDM), 2004.
• 35: Christopher C. Yang , Fu Lee Wang, Fractal summarization for mobile devices to access large documents on the web, Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web, May 20-24, 2003, Budapest, Hungary [doi>10.1145/775152.775183]
• 36: Lan Yi , Bing Liu , Xiaoli Li, Eliminating noisy information in Web pages for data mining, Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, August 24-27, 2003, Washington, D.C. [doi>10.1145/956750.956785]
• 37: L. Yi and B. Liu. Web page cleaning for web mining through feature weighting. In Intl. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2003.
• 38: Xinyi Yin , Wee Sun Lee, Using link analysis to improve layout on mobile devices, Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, May 17-20, 2004, New York, NY, USA [doi>10.1145/988672.988718]
• 39: Shipeng Yu , Deng Cai , Ji-Rong Wen , Wei-Ying Ma, Improving pseudo-relevance feedback in web information retrieval using web page segmentation, Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web, May 20-24, 2003, Budapest, Hungary [doi>10.1145/775152.775155]
• 40: James Allan, Topic detection and tracking: event-based information organization, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2002

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.7 DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING
      I.7.5 Document Capture
          Subjects: Document analysis

Additional Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.3 INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
      H.3.3 Information Search and Retrieval

  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
      I.2.6 Learning
          Subjects: Concept learning

General Terms:
Algorithms, Human Factors

Keywords:
Web page partitioning, handheld device content adaptation, semantic bookmarking