Simulation levels of detail for plant motion

ABSTRACT

In this paper we describe a method for simulating motion of realistically complex plants interactively. We use a precomputation stage to generate the plant structure, along with a set of simulation levels of detail. The levels of detail are made by continuously grouping branches starting from the tips of the branches and working toward the trunk. Grouped branches are simulated as single branches that have similar simulation characteristics to the original branches. During run-time, we traverse the plant and determine the allowable error in the simulation of branch motion. This allows us to choose the appropriate simulation level of detail and we provide smooth transitions from level to level. Our level of detail approach affects only the simulation parameters, allowing geometry to be handled independently. Using this method we can significantly improve simulation times for complex trees.

REFERENCES

• 1: {Ber97} Berka, R.: Reduction of Computations in Physics-Based Animation Using Level of Detail. 13th Spring Conference on Computer Graphics, ed. Wolfgang Strasser (1997). pp. 69--76.
• 2: F. Bertails , T-Y. Kim , M-P. Cani , U. Neumann, Adaptive Wisp Tree: a multiresolution control structure for simulating dynamic clustering in hair motion, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 26-27, 2003, San Diego, California
• 3: Jules Bloomenthal, Modeling the mighty maple, Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.305-311, July 1985
• 4: Deborah A. Carlson , Jessica K. Hodgins, Simulation levels of detail for real-time animation, Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '97, p.1-8, May 1997, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
• 5: {CAF01} Chenney, S., Arikan, O., Forsyth, D.: Proxy Simulations for Efficient Dynamics. Proc. of Eurographics 2001, Short Presentations, (2001).
• 6: Stephen Chenney , Jeffrey Ichnowski , David Forsyth, Dynamics Modeling and Culling, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.19 n.2, p.79-87, March 1999 [doi>10.1109/38.749126]
• 7: Stephen Chenney , David Forsyth, View-dependent culling of dynamic systems in virtual environments, Proceedings of the 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, p.55-58, April 27-30, 1997, Providence, Rhode Island, United States [doi>10.1145/253284.253307]
• 8: Oliver Deussen , Carsten Colditz , Marc Stamminger , George Drettakis, Interactive visualization of complex plant ecosystems, Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02, October 27-November 01, 2002, Boston, Massachusetts
• 9: Oliver Deussen , Pat Hanrahan , Bernd Lintermann , Radomír Měch , Matt Pharr , Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz, Realistic modeling and rendering of plant ecosystems, Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.275-286, July 1998 [doi>10.1145/280814.280898]
• 10: Thomas Di Giacomo , Stéphane Capo , François Faure, An interactive forest, Proceedings of the Eurographic workshop on Computer animation and simulation, p.65-74, September 02-03, 2001, Manchester, UK
• 11: {DO01} Dingliana, J., O'Sullivan, C.: Levels of detail in physically based real-time animation. ERCIM News (special issue on Computer Graphics and Visualization), No. 44, (January 2001).
• 12: {EMF03} Endo, L., Morimoto, C., Fabris, A.: Real-time Animation of Underbrush. Proc. of 11th International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization, and Computer Vision (2003).
• 13: {OFL01} O'Brien, D., Fisher, S., Lin, M.: Automatic Simplification of Particle System Dynamics. Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Computer Animation (2001), pp. 210--219.
• 14: Carol O'Sullivan , John Dingliana , Thanh Giang , Mary K. Kaiser, Evaluating the visual fidelity of physically based animations, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
• 15: {Ono97} Ono, H: Practical experience in the physical animation and destruction of trees. Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation (1997), pp. 149--159.
• 16: Frank Perbet , Maric-Paule Cani, Animating prairies in real-time, Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, p.103-110, March 2001 [doi>10.1145/364338.364375]
• 17: P. Prusinkiewicz , Aristid Lindenmayer, The algorithmic beauty of plants, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, NY, 1990
• 18: Tatsumi Sakaguchi , Jun Ohya, Modeling and animation of botanical trees for interactive virtual environments, Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology, p.139-146, December 20-22, 1999, London, United Kingdom [doi>10.1145/323663.323685]
• 19: {SF92} Shinya, M., Fournier, A.: Stochastic Motion - Motion Under the Influence of Wind. Proc. of Eurographics (1992), vol. 11, no. 3 pp. 119--128.
• 20: {Sta97} Stam, J.: Stochastic Dynamics: Simulating the Effects of Turbulence on Flexible Structures. Proc. of Eurographics (1997), vol. 16, no. 3, pp. C159-C164.
• 21: Kelly Ward , Ming C. Lin , Joohi Lee , Susan Fisher , Dean Macri, Modeling Hair Using Level-of-Detail Representations, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2003), p.41, May 08-09, 2003
• 22: Jason Weber , Joseph Penn, Creation and rendering of realistic trees, Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.119-128, September 1995 [doi>10.1145/218380.218427]
• 23: Xiaoming Wei , Ye Zhao , Zhe Fan , Wei Li , Suzanne Yoakum-Stover , Arie Kaufman, Blowing in the wind, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 26-27, 2003, San Diego, California

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.7 Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
          Subjects: Animation

Additional Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
          Subjects: Physically based modeling