Breathe easy: model and control of simulated respiration for animation

ABSTRACT

Animation of the breath has been largely ignored by the graphics community, even though it is a signature movement of the human body and an indicator for lifelike motion. In this paper, we present an anatomically inspired, physically based model of the human torso for the visual simulation of respiration using a mixed system of rigid and deformable parts. This novel composition of anatomical components is necessary to capture the key characteristics of breathing motion visible in the human trunk because the movement is generated fundamentally through the combination of both rigid bone and soft tissue. We propose a simple anatomically meaningful muscle element based on springs, which is used throughout both actively to drive the motion of the ribs and diaphragm and passively for other muscles like those of the abdomen. In addition, we introduce a straightforward method for preserving incompressible volume in deformable bodies to use in approximating the motion of the gut related to breath. Through the careful construction of this anatomically based torso, control for respiration becomes the generation of periodic contraction signals for a minimal set of two muscle groups. We show the flexibility of our approach through the animation of several breathing styles using our system and we verify our results through video and analytical comparisons.

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INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling

Additional Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.7 Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism