Vehicle-to-vehicle safety messaging in DSRC

ABSTRACT

This paper studies the design of layer-2 protocols for a vehicle to send safety messages to other vehicles. The target is to send vehicle safety messages with high reliability and low delay. The communication is one-to-many, local, and geo-significant. The vehicular communication network is ad-hoc, highly mobile, and with large numbers of contending nodes. The messages are very short, have a brief useful lifetime, but must be received with high probability. For this environment, this paper explores the efficacy of rapid repetition of broadcast messages. This paper proposes several random access protocols for medium access control. The protocols are compatible with the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) multi-channel architecture. Analytical bounds on performance of the proposed protocols are derived. Simulations are conducted to assess the reception reliability and channel usage of the protocols. The sensitivity of the protocol performance is evaluated under various offered traffic and vehicular traffic flows. The results show our approach is feasible for vehicle safety messages in DSRC.

REFERENCES

• 1: Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) home. http://www.leearmstrong.com/dsrc/dsrchomeset.htm.
• 2: The netowrk simulator: NS-2. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns.
• 3: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications. IEEE Standard 802.11a-1999, 1999.
• 4: ISP-vehicle location referencing standard. SAE Standard J1746, July 2001.
• 5: N. Abramson. The throughput of packet broadcasting channels. IEEE Trans. Comm., COM-25:117--128, January 1977.
• 6: G. Anastasi, L. Lanzini, and E. Mingozzi. HIPERLAN/1 MAC protocol: stability and performance analysis. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 18(9):1787--1798, September 2000. California at Berkeley, 2004.
• 7: Vaduvur Bharghavan , Alan Demers , Scott Shenker , Lixia Zhang, MACAW: a media access protocol for wireless LAN's, Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications, p.212-225, August 31-September 02, 1994, London, United Kingdom
• 8: G. Bianchi. Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 18(3):535--547, March 2000.
• 9: Federal Communications Commission. FCC 99--305. FCC Report and Order, October 1999.
• 10: Federal Communications Commission. FCC 03--024. FCC Report and Order, Feburary 2004.
• 11: W. Feller. An introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, volume 1st. John Wiley and Sons, 1968.
• 12: J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves , Chane L. Fullmer, Floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA) in single-channel wireless networks, Mobile Networks and Applications, v.4 n.3, p.157-174, Oct 1999 [doi>10.1023/A:1019146831447]
• 13: P. Gupta and P. Kumar. The capacity of wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-46(2):388--404, March 2000.
• 14: P. Karn. MACA-a new channel access method for packet radio. ARRL/CRRL Amateur Radio 9th Computer Networking Conference, pages 134--140, 1990.
• 15: William C. Y. Lee, Mobile Communications Design Fundamentals, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1992
• 16: Institute of Transportation Engineers. Traffic management data dictionary (TMDD) and message sets for external traffic management center communications (MS/ETMCC). http://www.ite.org/tmdd, 2004.
• 17: P. Olson. Perception-response time to unexpected roadway hazards. Human Factors, 28(1):91--96, January 1986. 18(9):1787--1798, September 2000.
• 18: California PATH. Shift: The hybrid system simulation programming language. http://www.path.berkeley.edu/shift/.
• 19: W. Pattra-Atikom, P. Krishnamurthy, and S. Banerjee. Distributed mechanisms for quality of serivce in wireless LAN. IEEE Wireless Communications, pages 26--34, June 2003.
• 20: Lawrence G. Roberts, ALOHA packet system with and without slots and capture, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, v.5 n.2, p.28-42, April 1975 [doi>10.1145/1024916.1024920]
• 21: J. Sobrinho and A. Krishnakumar. Quality-of-service in ad hoc carrier sense multiple access wireless networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 17(8):1353--1368, August 1999.
• 22: F. Tobagi and L. Kleinrock. Packet switching in radio channels: Part I- carrier sense multiple-access modes and their throughput/delay characteristics. IEEE Trans. Comm., COM-23(12):1400--1416, December 1975.
• 23: J. VanderWerf, N. Kourjanskaia, S. Shladover, H. Krishnan, and M. Miller. Modeling the effects of driver control assistance systems on traffic. National Research Council Transportation Research Board 80th Annual Meeting, January 2001.
• 24: Jean Walrand , Pravin Varaiya, High-performance communication networks (2nd ed.), Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, 1999
• 25: Y. Xiao. Enhanced DCF of IEEE 802.11e to support Qos. Proceedings of IEEE WCNC, pages 1291--1296, 2003.
• 26: Q. Xu. Control, Estimation, and Communication Design Applied to Vehicle Safety Systems. PhD thesis, University of California at Berkeley, 2004.
• 27: J. Zhu and S. Roy. MAC for Dedicated Short Range Communications in Intelligent Transporation System. IEEE Communications Magazine, pages 60--67, December 2003.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
      C.2.1 Network Architecture and Design
          Subjects: Wireless communication

General Terms:
Algorithms, Design, Performance, Reliability

Keywords:
ad-hoc wireless networks, communications (DSRC), dedicated short range, medium access control, vehicle safety systems