Large haptic topographic maps: marsview and the proxy graph algorithm

ABSTRACT

In this paper we develop an interactive 3D browser for large topographic maps using a visual display augmented by a haptic, or force feedback, display. The extreme size of our data files (over 100 million triangles) requires us to develop the "proxy graph algorithm", a new haptic contact model. The proxy graph algorithm approximates proven virtual proxy methods but enhances the performance significantly by restricting the proxy location to the edges and vertices of the object. The resulting algorithm requires less computation and reduces the average number of collision detection operations per triangle that the proxy crosses during each haptic update cycle. We also develop a collision detection algorithm optimized for our heightfield dataset.Our "MarsView" software enables hands-on interactive display of visual and geologic data with polygon counts in excess of 100 million triangles using a standard PC computer and a commercial haptic interface. MarsView's haptic user interface allows the user to physically interact with the surface as they pan it around and zoom in on details. The hybrid system renders complex scenes at full visual and haptic rates resulting in a more immersive user experience than a visual display alone.

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INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.7 Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
          Subjects: Virtual reality

Additional Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.5 INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (I.7)
      H.5.2 User Interfaces (D.2.2, H.1.2, I.3.6)
          Subjects: Haptic I/O

Keywords:
Mars, haptics, interface, large datasets, texture, topological map, virtual proxy