Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

	1	Some endnotes contain references to projects being developed on the Internet. They are introduced by the letters "http" (hyper-text transfer protocol).
	2	For a recent example in the realm of games see Police Quest Swat. I am grateful to Jeremy Meaghan-Cargill for this reference.
	3	A major project, led by the Gesellschaft ftir Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung (GMD), concerns distributed video production (DVP). See http://viswiz.gmd.de/DVE.
	4	http://www.soe.oeaw.ac.at/w4g.
	5	Hiroshi Ishii , Naomi Miyake, Toward an open shared workspace: computer and video fusion approach of TeamWorkStation, Communications of the ACM, v.34 n.12, p.37-50, Dec. 1991  [doi>10.1145/125319.125321]
	6	http://gopher://zserve.nist.gov:79/O:docs/atp/94010169.
	7	http://www.nwu.edu/CoVis_Wellcome.html.
	8	http://nu-gna.mit.edu.8001/uu-gna/text/cc/moo/what.html.
	9	For a more detailed examination of the relative values of synchronous and asynchronous communication, see Veltman, Kim. "Space, Time, Information and Knowledge." Proceedings of the Simposio Europeo Eco-Crea 1996. Spazio tempo informazione nella scienza, cultura, economia (Venice, May 24-25, 1996), (in press), pp. 1-5.
	10	The Neurope Lab, the Centre de Recherches d'Informatique de Montrdal (CRIM), and the Telecommunications Research Institute of Ontario (TRIO), through their Knowledge Connection project, have been protagonists in this field.
	11	See Ronchi, Alfredo. "Virtualit~ reale." Bolletino d'InformazionL Centro di Ricerche Informatiche per I Beni Culturali IV, 1 (1994), Pisa, pp. 7-31, especially pp. 26-27.
	12	For a significant description see Harasim, Linda. Global Networks: Computers and International Communication. MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 1993. For a critical review of same see Mansell, Robin. Intermedia, 22, 1 (February 1994), London, pp. 44-45.
	13	For a more detailed discussion of this topic see Veltman, Kim. "Content Ordering or Ordered Content? Active versus Passive Knowledge." (Unpublished paper available on request from the author).
	14	The latest PDA is Pilot from U. S. Robotics. See Heilbron, Maarten.'U.S. Robotics' Pilot Soars Above the Rest of the PDA Pack." The Globe and Mail (June 22, 1996), Toronto, p. B20.
	15	ECO is an interactive, computerized voice system (sistema informatico vocale interattivo).
	16	Sullivan, James. "Invisibly Interactive." Wired (July 1996), San Francisco, p. 64.
	17	http://www.omega.it/million/synopsis.html.
	18	For a description of these models and a good survey of developments in virtual reality, see Ronchi, Alfredo. "Virtualit~ reale," cited in Note 11, pp. 7-31, especially p. 21.
	19	http://pubweb.parc.xerox.com/hypertext/services.html.
	20	http://www.argusmap.com.
	21	http://tracy.esrin.esa.it:5555/query.html.
	22	http://www.hyperreal.com/~mpesce.
	23	Most of us have become inured to the fact that we are being observed by video cameras every time we enter a bank, subway, or other public building, largely because we assume that all these snapshots of our lives are restricted to the context in which they are being recorded. But what if all these snapshots can be coordinated? What are the consequences for privacy, especially for people who work in downtown areas where almost all the space is public. Theoretically it would be possible to "follow" persons as they moved from building to building, subjecting them to an unconscious version of Candid Camera.
	24	http://www.eccs.uic.edu/-ddpape/gallery/RemSens.html.
	25	http://viswiz.gmd.de/DML/cwall/cwall.html.
	26	http://www.ifi.uio.no/-sigar/vroslo/queau.html
	27	Queau, Philippe. "Televirtuality, Virtual Communities, Real Time Image Processing, Facial Synthesis" (1996) at http://www.ifi. uio.no/-sigar/vroslo/queau.abstract.html. See also Queau, Philippe. Le ~"rtuel: vertus et vertiges. Editeur INA, Champ Vallon, 1993; Metaxu: thdorie de l'Art Intermddiaire, INA, Champ Vallon, 1989; Eloge de la Simulation--de la Vie des Langages a la Synth?se des Images, INA, Champ Vallon, 1986.
	28	http://www.bekkoame.or.jp/~goto-co/GOTO_home.html.
	29	Rheingold, Howard. The ~"rtual Community, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1993.
	30	Sternberg, Robert J., Successful Intelligence, Simon & Schuster, New York, NY, 1996. cf. Howard Gardner, Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice, Basic Books, New York, NY, 1992.
	31	http://nemo.ncsl.nist.gov/~sressler/projects/nav/nav.html.
	32	Valerio, Giovanni. "RV e arte. I2affresco che parla," ~"rtua131 (May 1996), Milan, pp. 35-37.
	33	The concept of networks needs to be developed considerably. The International Standards Organization (ISO) identifies seven layers of network architecture: 1. Physical (network layer) , 2. Data-Link (network layer), 3. Network (network layer), 4. Transport (transport layer), 5. Session (user service layer), 6. Presentation (user service layer), 7. Application (user service layer). All this is excellent, but it addresses only objects being pipelined and how they come out the other end. It does not address the whole input side. What are the standards for identifying objects, recording them, scanning them in, verifying that the images we have correspond to the objects that they claim to represent--that is, the whole question of forgeries and imitations, which need also to be distinguished from deliberate copies, reproductions, and the like.
	34	http://gopher://zserve.nist.gov:79/O/doc/atp/94030012.
	35	email: hans-guenter.thonemann@mch.sni.de.
	36	Sutherland, Ivan E. "The Ultimate Display." Proceedings of the IFIP Congress, 1965, pp. 506-508. Compare. Sutherland, Ivan E. '~ Head- Mounted Three-Dimensional Display." Fall Joint Computer Conference, 1968, pp. 757-764.
	37	"Report on Business." The Globe and Mail (June 18, 1996), Toronto, p. B27.
	38	http://silicon.montaigne.ubordeaux.fr: 8001/HTML/TUNISIE/sites.html.
	39	The site at http://www.nww.co/ruscrypto.html reproduces an edict of Boris Yeltsin's that provides a rather frightening insight into how cryptography is being used to achieve these ends. Only slightly less obvious techniques are evident in the United States, which is trying to make the spread of encryption technology a serious crime. Compare. Me&s, Brock. "Major Loss for U.S. in Internet Privacy War." Now (June 13-19, 1996), Toronto, p. 23. Related to this problem of encryption is the proposed use of clipper chips which potentially censor free speech.
	40	See, for instance, "U.S. Court Blocked as Unconstitutional a New Federal Law Prohibiting Indecency on Computer Networks." Toronto Star (June 13, 1996), reproduced in http://www.aclu.org.
	41	Why, for instance, do some people prefer text-based discussion groups (MOOs) when they could have conference calls or videoconference calls? One reason, of course, is that the more primitive text-based mode provides a greater sense of anonymity.
	42	Ben Shneiderman, Sparks of Innovation in Human-Computer Interaction, Greenwood Publishing Group Inc., Westport, CT, 1993
	43	http://www.bbb.caltech.edu/hbp/design/html.
	44	Robinett, Warren. "Electronic Expansion of Human Perception." Whole Earth Review (May 2, 1991), San Francisco, pp. 2-8, Figures 1-7.
	45	Hemmje, M. "Lyberworld--Eine 3D basierte Benutzerschnittstelle fiir die computerunterstiitzte Informationssuche in Dokumentmengen." Der GMD-Spiegd (1993), Bonn-Sankt Augustin.
	46	Kling, Ulrich. "Neue Werkzeuge zur Erstellung und Pr~isentation von Lern- und Unterrrichtsmaterialien." In Learntec 93, Europiiischer Kongres fiir Bildungstechnologie und betriebliche Bildung, Tagungsband. Uwe Beck and Winfried Sommer, eds. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 335-360, 1994.
	47	Brenda Laurel, Computers as theatre, Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 1991
	48	http://debra.dgbt.drc.ca/chat/chat.html.
	49	http://www.ina.fr.
	50	Joseph P. Bigus, Data mining with neural networks: solving business problems from application development to decision support, McGraw-Hill, Inc., Hightstown, NJ, 1996
	51	Hermans, Bj6rn. Intelligent Software Agents on the Internet, An Inventory of Currently Offered Functionality in the Information Society and a Prediction of (Near-) Future Developments. Doctoral dissertation. Tilburg University, July 1996. For an on-line copy see http://www.hermans.org/agents/h22.htm). For an excellent bibliography on agents, see also the site of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (http://www.umbc.edu/agents/web).
	52	Standards pose an enormous challenge. The G7 pilot project 2 on global interoperability is intended to address some of these problems.
	53	G7 Ministerial Conference on the Global Information Socie~. Round- Table Meeting of Business Leaders (Brussels, February 25 and 26, 1995), Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1995. Von Bose, H. G-7 Information Society Conference Pilot Projects, Executive Summaries. European Commission, Brussels, 1995.
	54	See also Veltman, Kim. "Computers and a New Philosophy of Knowledge." International Classification, 18 (1991), Frankfurt, pp. 2-12.
	55	http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/oldlndex.html.
	56	For additional thoughts on the these themes see the author's vision statements and essays on the System for Universal Media Searching (SUMS) at the Web site for the Perspective Unit at http://www.mcluhan.utoronto.
	57	See Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Progetto Finalizzato Beni Culturali, "Strumenti di Realt5 Virtuale e simulazione per il testing delle ipotesi archeologiche e per la esposizione e divulgazione al pubblico." In MuM ~"rtuali in Rete. Progetto Beni Cu#urali, Pisa, May 1996.
	58	William J. Mitchell, The Reconfigured Eye: Visual Truth in the Post-Photograhic Era, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992
	59	Waller, Douglas. "Onward Cyber Soldiers." Time, 146, 8 (August 21, 1995), pp.30-38.

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