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Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior
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Source International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques archive
Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques table of contents
Pages: 43 - 50  
Year of Publication: 1994
ISBN:0-89791-667-0
Authors
Xiaoyuan Tu  Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto
Demetri Terzopoulos  Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto
Sponsor
SIGGRAPH: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques
Publisher
ACM  New York, NY, USA
Bibliometrics
Downloads (6 Weeks): 20,   Downloads (12 Months): 175,   Citation Count: 96
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ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a framework for animation that can achieve the intricacy of motion evident in certain natural ecosystems with minimal input from the animator. The realistic appearance, movement, and behavior of individual animals, as well as the patterns of behavior evident in groups of animals fall within the scope of the framework. Our approach to emulating this level of natural complexity is to model each animal holistically as an autonomous agent situated in its physical world. To demonstrate the approach, we develop a physics-based, virtual marine world. The world is inhabited by artificial fishes that can swim hydrodynamically in simulated water through the motor control of internal muscles that motivates fins. Their repertoire of behaviors relies on their perception of the dynamic environment. As in nature, the detailed motions of artificial fishes in their virtual habitat are not entirely predictable because they are not scripted.


REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

 
1
H. E. Adler. Fish Behavior: Why Fishes do What They Do. T.F.H Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 1975.
 
2
N. Badler, B. Barsky, and D. Zeltzer, editors. Making Them Move. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1991.
 
3
V. Braitenberg. Vehicles, Experiments in Synthetic Psychology. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1984.
 
4
S. Levy. Artificial Life. Vintage Books, NY, 1992.
 
5
K. Lorenz. Foundations of Ethology. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1973.
 
6
 
7
D. Mcfarland. Animal Behaviour. Pitman, 1985.
8
9
 
10
11
 
12
O. Renault, N. Magnenat-Thalmann, and D. Thalmann. A vision-based approach to behavioural animation. Visualization and Computer Animation, 1:18-21, 1990.
13
 
14
D. Terzopoulos and K Waters. Physically-based facial modelling, analysis, and animation. Visulization and Computer Animation, 1:73- 80, 1990.
 
15
R. E. Thresher. Reproduction in Reef Fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 1984.
 
16
N. Tinbergen. The Study of Instinct. Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, 1950.
 
17
 
18
X. Tu, D. Terzopoulos, and E. Fiume. Go Fish! ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review Issue 91: SIGGRAPH'93 Electronic Theater, 1993.
 
19
P. W. Webb. Form and function in fish swimming. Scientific American, 251(1), 1989.
 
20
 
21
R. Wilson and J. Q. Wilson. Watching Fishes. Harper and Row, New York, 1985.
 
22
D. Zeltzer. Motor control techniques for figure animation. IEEE Computer Graphics and Application, 2(9):53-59, 1982.

CITED BY  96
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Collaborative Colleagues:
Xiaoyuan Tu: colleagues
Demetri Terzopoulos: colleagues

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