|
ABSTRACT
We present a novel hybrid communication system for modular robots, based on inter-module buses that can connect on-demand to form arbitrary network topologies. In addition to describing the implementation of this hybrid communication system, we analyse transfer rates and reliability, validating the results using a Spice simulation and a proof-of-concept experiment performed on a hardware prototype. Thus, we find the system is fast, since it has a potential to provide a maximum transfer rate of 9.9Mbps divided by the maximum bus length measured in meters, with buses as large as 256 modules. The system is also found to be small in size, power saving and reliable. These features, in combination with its flexibility, make hybrid communication suitable for modular robots.
REFERENCES
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.
| |
1
|
|
| |
2
|
M. Yim, W.-M. Shen, B. Salemi, D. Rus, M. Moll, H. Lipson, E. Klavins, and G. S. Chirikjian, "Modular self-reconfigurable robot systems: Challenges and opportunities for the future," IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine, pp. 2--11, March 2007.
|
| |
3
|
R. Nagpal, "Organizing a global coordinate system from local information on an amorphous computer," AI Memo, no. 1666, August 1999.
|
| |
4
|
E. Yoshida, T. Arai, M. Yamamoto, J. Ota, and D. Kurabayashi, "Evaluating the efficiency of local and global communication in distributed mobile robotic systems," in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'96), Osaka, Japan, November 1996, pp. 1661--1666.
|
| |
5
|
|
| |
6
|
T. Fukuda, Y. Kawauchi, and M. Buss, "Communication method of cellular robotics CEBOT as a selforganizing robotic system," in IEEE/RSJ International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Tsukuba, Japan, September 1989.
|
| |
7
|
W.-M. Shen, B. Salemi, and P. Will, "Hormone-inspired adaptive communication and distributed control for conro self-reconfigurable robots," IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 700--712, October 2002.
|
| |
8
|
M. W. Jorgensen, E. H. Ostergaard, and H. H. Lund, "Modular ATRON: Modules for a self-reconfigurable robot," in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'2004), Sendai, Japan, September 2004, pp. 2068--2073.
|
| |
9
|
R. Moeckel, C. Jaquier, K. Drapel, E. Dittrich, A. Upegui, and A. Ijspeert, "Yamor and bluemove - an autonomous modular robot with bluetooth interface for exploring adaptive locomotion," Proceedings of International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines (CLAWAR'2005), pp. 685--692, 2005.
|
| |
10
|
H. Kurokawa, A. Kamimura, E. Yoshida, K. Tomita, S. Murata, and S. Kokaji, "Self-reconfigurable modular robot (M-TRAN) and its motion design," in Seventh International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics And Vision (ICARCV'02), Singapore, December 2002.
|
| |
11
|
D. K. Cheng, Field and Wave Electromagnetics, 2nd ed. Addison Wesley, 1989.
|
| |
12
|
T. I. Incorporated, "The RS-485 unit load and maximum number of bus connections," Analog Applications Journal, 2004-Q1. {Online}. Available: http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/slyt086/slyt086.pdf
|
| |
13
|
J. Vo, "A comparison of differential termination techniques," National Semiconductor, Application Notes, 1993. {Online}. Available: http://www.national.com/an/AN/AN-903.pdf
|
| |
14
|
Maxim/Dallas, "Guidelines for proper wiring of an rs-485 (tia/eia-485-a) network," Application Notes, Jul. 2001. {Online}. Available: http://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/an/AN763.pdf
|
| |
15
|
A. Lyder, K. Stoy, D. J. Christensen, and R. F. M. Garcia, "Increasing mobility by exploiting flexible connections in deformable modular robots," in IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'2007), submitted for publication.
|
| |
16
|
R. J. Tilley, Understanding Solids: The Science of Materials. John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2004.
|
| |
17
|
D. J. Christensen, D. Brandt, and K. Stoy, "Modular self-reconfigurable robots with the anatomy of animals," The International Journal of Robotics Research, submitted for publication.
|
| |
18
|
R. E. Matick, Transmission Lines for Digital and Communication Networks: An Introduction to Transmission Lines, High-frequency and High-speed Pulse Characteristics and Applications. McGraw-Hill Education, 1969.
|
| |
19
|
G. Breed, "Analyzing signals using the eye diagram," High Frequency Electronics, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 50--53, November 2005. {Online}. Available: http://www.highfrequencyelectronics.com
|
| |
20
|
K. Stoy, "The deformatron robot: a biologically inspired homogeneous modular robot," Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 2527--2531, May 2006.
|
| |
21
|
I. Boblan, R. Bannasch, H. Schwenk, F. Prietzel, L. Miertsch, and A. Schulz, "A human-like robot hand and arm with fluidic muscles: Biologically inspired construction and functionality." Embodied Artificial Intelligence, pp. 160--179, 2003.
|
|