Fast viscoelastic behavior with thin features

ABSTRACT

We introduce a method for efficiently animating a wide range of deformable materials. We combine a high resolution surface mesh with a tetrahedral finite element simulator that makes use of frequent re-meshing. This combination allows for fast and detailed simulations of complex elastic and plastic behavior. We significantly expand the range of physical parameters that can be simulated with a single technique, and the results are free from common artifacts such as volume-loss, smoothing, popping, and the absence of thin features like strands and sheets. Our decision to couple a high resolution surface with low-resolution physics leads to efficient simulation and detailed surface features, and our approach to creating the tetrahedral mesh leads to an order-of-magnitude speedup over previous techniques in the time spent re-meshing. We compute masses, collisions, and surface tension forces on the scale of the fine mesh, which helps avoid visual artifacts due to the differing mesh resolutions. The result is a method that can simulate a large array of different material behaviors with high resolution features in a short amount of time.

REFERENCES

• 1: Pierre Alliez , David Cohen-Steiner , Mariette Yvinec , Mathieu Desbrun, Variational tetrahedral meshing, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.24 n.3, July 2005
• 2: Adam W. Bargteil , Tolga G. Goktekin , James F. O'brien , John A. Strain, A semi-Lagrangian contouring method for fluid simulation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.25 n.1, p.19-38, January 2006 [doi>10.1145/1122501.1122503]
• 3: Adam W. Bargteil , Chris Wojtan , Jessica K. Hodgins , Greg Turk, A finite element method for animating large viscoplastic flow, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.26 n.3, July 2007
• 4: Christopher Batty , Florence Bertails , Robert Bridson, A fast variational framework for accurate solid-fluid coupling, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.26 n.3, July 2007
• 5: Botsch, M., Pauly, M., Wicke, M., and Gross, M. 2007. Adaptive space deformations based on rigid cells. Computer Graphics Forum 26, 3, 339--347.
• 6: Robert Bridson , Ronald Fedkiw , John Anderson, Robust treatment of collisions, contact and friction for cloth animation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.21 n.3, July 2002
• 7: R. Bridson , S. Marino , R. Fedkiw, Simulation of clothing with folds and wrinkles, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 26-27, 2003, San Diego, California
• 8: Brochu, T. 2006. Fluid Animation with Explicit Surface Meshes and Boundary-Only Dynamics. Master's thesis, University of British Columbia.
• 9: Steve Capell , Seth Green , Brian Curless , Tom Duchamp , Zoran Popović, Interactive skeleton-driven dynamic deformations, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.21 n.3, July 2002
• 10: Steve Capell , Seth Green , Brian Curless , Tom Duchamp , Zoran Popović, A multiresolution framework for dynamic deformations, Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 21-22, 2002, San Antonio, Texas [doi>10.1145/545261.545268]
• 11: Nuttapong Chentanez , Bryan E. Feldman , François Labelle , James F. O'Brien , Jonathan R. Shewchuk, Liquid simulation on lattice-based tetrahedral meshes, Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, August 02-04, 2007, San Diego, California
• 12: Simon Clavet , Philippe Beaudoin , Pierre Poulin, Particle-based viscoelastic fluid simulation, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 29-31, 2005, Los Angeles, California [doi>10.1145/1073368.1073400]
• 13: Mathieu Desbrun , Mark Meyer , Peter Schröder , Alan H. Barr, Implicit fairing of irregular meshes using diffusion and curvature flow, Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.317-324, July 1999 [doi>10.1145/311535.311576]
• 14: Enright, D., Losasso, F., and Fedkiw, R. 2005. A fast and accurate semi-Lagrangian particle level set method. Computers and Structures 83, 479--490.
• 15: Petros Faloutsos , Michiel van de Panne , Demetri Terzopoulos, Dynamic Free-Form Deformations for Animation Synthesis, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, v.3 n.3, p.201-214, July 1997 [doi>10.1109/2945.620488]
• 16: Nico Galoppo , Miguel A. Otaduy , Paul Mecklenburg , Markus Gross , Ming C. Lin, Fast simulation of deformable models in contact using dynamic deformation textures, Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, September 02-04, 2006, Vienna, Austria
• 17: Tolga G. Goktekin , Adam W. Bargteil , James F. O'Brien, A method for animating viscoelastic fluids, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.23 n.3, August 2004
• 18: G. Irving , J. Teran , R. Fedkiw, Invertible finite elements for robust simulation of large deformation, Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, August 27-29, 2004, Grenoble, France [doi>10.1145/1028523.1028541]
• 19: Geoffrey Irving , Craig Schroeder , Ronald Fedkiw, Volume conserving finite element simulations of deformable models, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.26 n.3, July 2007
• 20: Xiangmin Jiao, Face offsetting: A unified approach for explicit moving interfaces, Journal of Computational Physics, v.220 n.2, p.612-625, January, 2007 [doi>10.1016/j.jcp.2006.05.021]
• 21: Keiser, R., Adams, B., Gasser, D., Bazzi, P., Dutré, P., and Gross, M. 2005. A unified Lagrangian approach to solid-fluid animation. In the Proceedings of Eurographics Symposium on Point-based Graphics, 125--133.
• 22: François Labelle , Jonathan Richard Shewchuk, Isosurface stuffing: fast tetrahedral meshes with good dihedral angles, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.26 n.3, July 2007
• 23: Lien, S., and Kajiya., J. T. 1984. A symbolic method for calculating the integral properties of arbitrary nonconvex polyhedra. IEEE CG&A 4, 10 (October), 35--41.
• 24: Peter Lindstrom , Greg Turk, Evaluation of Memoryless Simplification, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, v.5 n.2, p.98-115, April 1999 [doi>10.1109/2945.773803]
• 25: Frank Losasso , Tamar Shinar , Andrew Selle , Ronald Fedkiw, Multiple interacting liquids, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.25 n.3, July 2006
• 26: Molino, N., Bridson, R., Teran, J., And Fedkiw, R. 2003. A crystalline, red green strategy for meshing highly deformable objects with tetrahedra. In IMR, 103--114.
• 27: Neil Molino , Zhaosheng Bao , Ron Fedkiw, A virtual node algorithm for changing mesh topology during simulation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.23 n.3, August 2004
• 28: Patrick Mullen , Alexander McKenzie , Yiying Tong , Mathieu Desbrun, A variational approach to Eulerian geometry processing, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.26 n.3, July 2007
• 29: Matthias Müller , Markus Gross, Interactive virtual materials, Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2004, p.239-246, May 17-19, 2004, London, Ontario, Canada
• 30: Matthias Müller , Julie Dorsey , Leonard McMillan , Robert Jagnow , Barbara Cutler, Stable real-time deformations, Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 21-22, 2002, San Antonio, Texas [doi>10.1145/545261.545269]
• 31: M. Müller , R. Keiser , A. Nealen , M. Pauly , M. Gross , M. Alexa, Point based animation of elastic, plastic and melting objects, Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, August 27-29, 2004, Grenoble, France [doi>10.1145/1028523.1028542]
• 32: Matthias Muller , Matthias Teschner , Markus Gross, Physically-Based Simulation of Objects Represented by Surface Meshes, Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International, p.26-33, June 16-19, 2004 [doi>10.1109/CGI.2004.75]
• 33: Matthias Müller , Bruno Heidelberger , Matthias Teschner , Markus Gross, Meshless deformations based on shape matching, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.24 n.3, July 2005
• 34: Fakir S. Nooruddin , Greg Turk, Simplification and Repair of Polygonal Models Using Volumetric Techniques, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, v.9 n.2, p.191-205, April 2003 [doi>10.1109/TVCG.2003.1196006]
• 35: James F. O'Brien , Jessica K. Hodgins, Graphical modeling and animation of brittle fracture, Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.137-146, July 1999 [doi>10.1145/311535.311550]
• 36: James F. O'Brien , Adam W. Bargteil , Jessica K. Hodgins, Graphical modeling and animation of ductile fracture, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.21 n.3, July 2002
• 37: Mark Pauly , Richard Keiser , Bart Adams , Philip Dutré , Markus Gross , Leonidas J. Guibas, Meshless animation of fracturing solids, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.24 n.3, July 2005
• 38: Reynolds, C. W., 1992. Adaptive polyhedral resampling for vertex flow animation, unpublished. http://www.red3d.com/cwr/papers/1992/df.html.
• 39: Alec R. Rivers , Doug L. James, FastLSM: fast lattice shape matching for robust real-time deformation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.26 n.3, July 2007
• 40: Thomas W. Sederberg , Scott R. Parry, Free-form deformation of solid geometric models, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.20 n.4, p.151-160, Aug. 1986
• 41: Shewchuk, J. R. 2002. What is a good linear element? interpolation, conditioning, and quality measures. In 11^th Int. Meshing Roundtable, 115--126.
• 42: Eftychios Sifakis , Kevin G. Der , Ronald Fedkiw, Arbitrary cutting of deformable tetrahedralized objects, Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, August 02-04, 2007, San Diego, California
• 43: Eftychios Sifakis , Tamar Shinar , Geoffrey Irving , Ronald Fedkiw, Hybrid simulation of deformable solids, Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, August 02-04, 2007, San Diego, California
• 44: Terzopoulos, D., and Fleischer, K. 1988. Deformable models. The Visual Computer 4, 306--331.
• 45: Demetri Terzopoulos , Kurt Fleischer, Modeling inelastic deformation: viscolelasticity, plasticity, fracture, Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.269-278, June 1988
• 46: Terzopoulos, D., Platt, J., and Fleischer, K. 1989. Heating and melting deformable models (from goop to glop). In the Proceedings of Graphics Interface, 219--226.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
          Subjects: Physically based modeling

Additional Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.7 Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
          Subjects: Animation
  I.6 SIMULATION AND MODELING
      I.6.8 Types of Simulation
          Subjects: Animation

Keywords:
computational fluid dynamics, deformable models, explicit surface, finite element method, free-form deformation, viscoelastic behavior