A portable code generator for CRAY FORTRAN

ABSTRACT

One way to combine the powers of symbolic computing with numeric computing is to automaticaly derive and produce numeric code. This approach has important applications in science and engineering. Once the desired formulas and procedures are derived in a symbolic manipulation system, they can be translated into a target numeric language by a code generator. GENCRAY is a code generator written in the C language for portability. GENCRAY defines a LISP-style input language that is translated into either FORTRAN 77 or CRAY FORTRAN. By defining its own input syntax, GENCRAY becomes a free-standing code translator that can be made to work with any symbolic manipulation system. GENCRAY is portable to any computer system with a standard C compiler. Input to GENCRAY can come from a file or directly from a symbolic system through a pipe. On UNIX systems with Berkeley networking, GENCRAY also runs as a network server. The input syntax is customizable to allow both Common and Franz LISP input styles. In addition to generating easily vectorizable CRAY FORTRAN code, GENCRAY also provides high-level, easy-to-use parallel programming macros to produce parallel code for the multiprocessor CRAY systems. The features, applications, usage, and implementation of GENCRAY are described. Techniques for producing parallel codes are discussed and illustrated by a substantial example contained in the Appendix.

REFERENCES

• 1: CRAY COMPUTER SYSTEMS. CFT77 Reference Man ual. Cray Research, Publication SR~0018A, Minnesota, 1987.
• 2: ClZAY COMP~TTER SY~TEM~. CRAY X MP Multitasking Progrurnrner%' Refere~zce Manual. Cray Research, Publication SR-0222D, Minnesota, 1987.
• 3: CRAY COMPUTER SYSTEMS. Programmer's Library Reference Manual. Cray Research, Publication SR-0113C, Minnesota, 1988.
• 4: Barbara L. Gates, A numerical code generation facility for REDUCE, Proceedings of the fifth ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation, p.94-99, July 21-23, 1986, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada [doi>10.1145/32439.32459]
• 5: GATES, B.L. GENTRAN design and implementation, Dept. of Informatics, Twente Univ. of Technology, The Netherlands, Aug. 1985.
• 6: E. N. Houstis , J. R. Rice , N. P. Chrisochoides , H. C. Karathanasis , P. N. Papachiou , M. K. Samartzis , E. A. Vavalis , Ko Yang Wang , S. Weerawarana, //ELLPACK: a numerical simulation programming environment for parallel MIMD machines, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Supercomputing, p.96-107, June 11-15, 1990, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
• 7: JOHNSON, S.C. Yacc: Yet another compiler. Computing Science Tech. Rep. 32, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, N.J., 1975.
• 8: LEFFLER, S. J., FABRY, R. S., JoY, W. N., L~SLEY, P., MmLER, S., ~ND TORE~, C. An Advanced 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Univ. of California, Berkeley, 1986.
• 9: LESK, M. E. Lex--A lexical analyzer generator. Computer Science Tech. Rep. 39, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, N.J., Oct. 1975.
• 10: Macsyma Reference Manual, Version Nine. The MATHLAB Group, Laboratory for Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, Mass., 1977.
• 11: Richard Pavelle , Paul S Wang, MACSYMA from F to G, Journal of Symbolic Computation, v.1 n.1, p.69-100, March 1985 [doi>10.1016/S0747-7171(85)80030-4]
• 12: John R. Rice , Ronald F. Boisvert, Solving elliptic problems using ELLPACK, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, NY, 1985
• 13: Naveen Sharma , Paul S. Wang, Symbolic Derivation and Automatic Generation of Parallel Routines for Finite Element Analysis, Proceedings of the International Symposium ISSAC'88 on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, p.33-56, July 04-08, 1988
• 14: TAN, T., AND WANG, r. S. Automatic generation of parallel code for the warp computer. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Computer Algebra and Paralleltsm (Gronoble, France, June 1988).
• 15: Paul S. Wang, FINGER: a symbolic system for automatic generation of numerical programs in finite element analysis, Journal of Symbolic Computation, v.2 n.3, p.305-316, Sept. 1986 [doi>10.1016/S0747-7171(86)80029-3]
• 16: Paul S. Wang, An introduction to Berkeley UNIX, Wadsworth Publ. Co., Belmont, CA, 1988
• 17: WEE~WARANA, S. GENCRAY: An automatic code generator for CRAY Fortran. Master's thesis, Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State Univ., Kent, Ohio, 1989.
• 18: S. Weerawarana , P. S. Wang, GENCRAY: a portable code generator for cray fortran, Proceedings of the ACM-SIGSAM 1989 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation, p.186-191, July 17-19, 1989, Portland, Oregon, United States [doi>10.1145/74540.74563]
• 19: WEERAWAP~NA, S., AND WANG, P.J. User's Guide to GENCRAY. Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kent State Univ., Kent, Ohio, 1989.
• 20: WEERAWARANA, S., HOUSTIS, E. N., AND RICE, J.R. An interactive symbolic-numeric interface to parallel ELLPACK for building general PDE solvers. In Proceedings of the Saratoga- Springs Workshop on the Integration of Symbolic and Numeric Computing, to appear. Also available as CAPO Tech. Rep. CER-90-49, Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue Univ., Dec. 1990.
• 21: YUASA, T., ANn HAaIYA, M. Kyoto Common Lisp Dictionary, Version 01.25. Research Inst. for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan, 1986.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  D. Software
  D.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
      D.3.4 Processors
          Subjects: Code generation

Additional Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.1 PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES
      C.1.2 Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)
          Subjects: Array and vector processors

  D. Software
  D.1 PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES
  D.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
      D.3.2 Language Classifications

          Nouns: FORTRAN; C

  G. Mathematics of Computing
  G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.1 SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION

General Terms:
Algorithms, Design, Theory

Keywords:
Fortran, automatic code generation, code derivation by symbolic computation, parallel code generation