The facial expression effect of an animated agent on the decisions taken in the negotiation game

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the manner in which decision-making is influenced by the impressions given by life-like agents in negotiation situations. These impressions comprise an agent's facial expressions such as happy and sad, and the history of relationship with the agent. In this paper, we introduce a negotiation game as one of the basic interactions based on the soft game theory. The experimental results reveal that expressions and history significantly influence the receiver's impressions and decision-making. The findings of this study can be beneficial for designing the nonverbal expressions of an animated agent who can negotiate and make a deal with users.

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INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.5 INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (I.7)
      H.5.1 Multimedia Information Systems

General Terms:
Human Factors

Keywords:
animated agent, appearance, facial expression, game theory, life-like character, negotiation