Generating surface crack patterns

ABSTRACT

We present a method for generating surface crack patterns that appear in materials such as mud, ceramic glaze, and glass. To model these phenomena, we build upon existing physically based methods. Our algorithm generates cracks from a stress field defined heuristically over a triangle discretization of the surface. The simulation produces cracks by evolving this field over time. The user can control the characteristics and appearance of the cracks using a set of simple parameters. By changing these parameters, we have generated examples similar to a variety of crack patterns found in the real world. We assess the realism of our results by comparison with photographs of real-world examples. Using a physically based approach also enables us to generate animations similar to time-lapse photography.

REFERENCES

• 1: {And04} Anderson T. L.: Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, 3 ed. CRC Press, 2004.
• 2: {BPA*05} Bohn S., Platkiewicz J., Andreotti B., Adda-Bedia M., Couder Y.: Hierarchical crack patterns as formed by successive domain divisions. II. From disordered to deterministic behavior. Physical Review E 75 (Apr 2005).
• 3: {BPC05} Bohn S., Pauchard L., Couder Y.: Hierarchical crack patterns as formed by successive domain divisions. I. Temporal and geometrical hierarchy. Physical Review E 75 (Apr 2005).
• 4: David Cohen-Steiner , Jean-Marie Morvan, Restricted delaunay triangulations and normal cycle, Proceedings of the nineteenth annual symposium on Computational geometry, June 08-10, 2003, San Diego, California, USA [doi>10.1145/777792.777839]
• 5: {DGA05} Desbenoit B., Galin E., Akkouche S.: Modeling cracks and fractures. The Visual Computer 21, 8--10 (Sep 2005), 717--726.
• 6: {FP96} Federl P., Prusinkiewicz P.: A texture model for cracked surfaces, with an application to tree bark. In Proc. of the 7th Western Computer Graphics Symp. (1996), pp. 23--29.
• 7: {FP02} Federl P., Prusinkiewicz P.: Modelling fracture formation in bi-layered materials, with applications to tree bark and drying mud. In Proc. of the 13th Western Computer Graphics Symp. (2002).
• 8: {FP04} Federl P., Prusinkiewicz P.: Finite element model of fracture formation on growing surfaces. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3037 (Jan 2004), 138--145.
• 9: Stéphane Gobron , Norishige Chiba, Crack Pattern Simulation Based on 3D Surface Cellular Automaton, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics, p.153, June 19-24, 2000
• 10: Stéphane Gobron , Norishige Chiba, Simulation of Peeling Using 3D-Surface Cellular Automata, Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, p.338, October 16-18, 2001
• 11: {GSH*04} Gingold Y., Secord A., Han J. Y., Grinspun E., Zorin D.: A discrete model for inelastic deformation of thin shells. In ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation (2004). Poster.
• 12: {HTCY04} Hsieh H.-H., Tai W.-K., Chiang C.-C., Yang M.-T.: Flexible and interactive crack-like patterns presentation on 3d objects. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3280 (Jan 2004), 90--99.
• 13: {HTK98} Hirota K., Tanoue Y, Kaneko T.: Generation of crack patterns with a physical model. The Visual Computer 14, 3 (1998), 126--137.
• 14: {HTK00} Hirota K., Tanoue Y., Kaneko T.: Simulation of three-dimensional cracks. The Visual Computer 16 (Nov 2000), 371--378.
• 15: {Kit99} Kitsunezaki S.: Fracture patterns induced by dessication in a thin layer. Physical Review E 60, 6 (Dec 1999).
• 16: Neil Molino , Zhaosheng Bao , Ron Fedkiw, A virtual node algorithm for changing mesh topology during simulation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.23 n.3, August 2004
• 17: Matthias Müller , Markus Gross, Interactive virtual materials, Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Graphics interface, p.239-246, May 17-19, 2004, London, Ontario, Canada
• 18: Procedural Modeling of Cracks and Fractures, Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2004 (SMI'04), p.346-349, June 07-09, 2004 [doi>10.1109/SMI.2004.48]
• 19: David Mould, Image-guided fracture, Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Graphics interface, May 09-11, 2005, Victoria, British Columbia
• 20: Matthias Muller , Matthias Teschner , Markus Gross, Physically-Based Simulation of Objects Represented by Surface Meshes, Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International (CGI'04), p.26-33, June 16-19, 2004 [doi>10.1109/CGI.2004.75]
• 21: {Nis97} Nishioka T.: Computational dynamic fracture mechanics. International Journal of Fracture 86 (1997), 127--159.
• 22: Alan Norton , Greg Turk , Bob Bacon , John Gerth , Paula Sweeney, Animation of fracture by physical modeling, The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics, v.7 n.4, p.210-219, July 1991 [doi>10.1007/BF01900837]
• 23: James F. O'Brien , Jessica K. Hodgins, Graphical modeling and animation of fracture, 2000
• 24: James F. O'Brien , Adam W. Bargteil , Jessica K. Hodgins, Graphical modeling and animation of ductile fracture, Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, July 23-26, 2002, San Antonio, Texas
• 25: James F. O'Brien , Jessica K. Hodgins, Graphical modeling and animation of brittle fracture, Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.137-146, July 1999 [doi>10.1145/311535.311550]
• 26: Mark Pauly , Richard Keiser , Bart Adams , Philip Dutré , Markus Gross , Leonidas J. Guibas, Meshless animation of fracturing solids, ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers, July 31-August 04, 2005, Los Angeles, California
• 27: {PPD02} Paquette E., Poulin P., Drettakis G.: The simulation of paint cracking and peeling. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface (May 2002), pp. 59--68.
• 28: {SdBGM00} Shorlin K., de Bruyn J., Graham M., Morris S.: Development and geometry of isotropic and directional shrinkage-crack patterns. Physical Review E 61, 6 (June 2000).
• 29: {SM88} Skjeltorp A. T., Meakin P.: Fracture in microsphere monolayers studied by experiment and computer simulation. Nature 335 (Sept. 1988), 424--426.
• 30: Demetri Terzopoulos , Kurt Fleischer, Modeling inelastic deformation: viscolelasticity, plasticity, fracture, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.22 n.4, p.269-278, Aug. 1988
• 31: Demetri Terzopoulos , John Platt , Alan Barr , Kurt Fleischer, Elastically deformable models, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.21 n.4, p.205-214, July 1987
• 32: Brian Wyvill , Kees van Overveld , Sheelagh Carpendale, Rendering cracks in Batik, Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering, June 07-09, 2004, Annecy, France [doi>10.1145/987657.987667]

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
          Subjects: Physically based modeling