A vortex particle method for smoke, water and explosions

ABSTRACT

Vorticity confinement reintroduces the small scale detail lost when using efficient semi-Lagrangian schemes for simulating smoke and fire. However, it only amplifies the existing vorticity, and thus can be insufficient for highly turbulent effects such as explosions or rough water. We introduce a new hybrid technique that makes synergistic use of Lagrangian vortex particle methods and Eulerian grid based methods to overcome the weaknesses of both. Our approach uses vorticity confinement itself to couple these two methods together. We demonstrate that this approach can generate highly turbulent effects unachievable by standard grid based methods, and show applications to smoke, water and explosion simulations.

REFERENCES

• 1: Jim X. Chen , Niels da Vitoria Lobo, Toward interactive-rate simulation of fluids with moving obstacles using Navier-Stokes equations, Graphical Models and Image Processing, v.57 n.2, p.107-116, March 1995 [doi>10.1006/gmip.1995.1012]
• 2: G.-H. Cottet , P. Poncet, Advances in direct numerical simulations of 3D wall-bounded flows by Vortex-in-Cell methods, Journal of Computational Physics, v.193 n.1, p.136-158, January 2004 [doi>10.1016/j.jcp.2003.08.025]
• 3: Mathieu Desbrun , Marie-Paule Gascuel, Smoothed particles: a new paradigm for animating highly deformable bodies, Proceedings of the Eurographics workshop on Computer animation and simulation '96, p.61-76, December 1996, Poitiers, France
• 4: Drela, M., and Murman, E. M. 1987. Prospects for eulerian CFD analysis of helicopter vortex flows. In American Helicopter Society Specialist Meeting, Arlington Texas.
• 5: Douglas Enright , Stephen Marschner , Ronald Fedkiw, Animation and rendering of complex water surfaces, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.21 n.3, July 2002
• 6: Raanan Fattal , Dani Lischinski, Target-driven smoke animation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.23 n.3, August 2004
• 7: Ronald Fedkiw , Jos Stam , Henrik Wann Jensen, Visual simulation of smoke, Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.15-22, August 2001 [doi>10.1145/383259.383260]
• 8: Bryan E. Feldman , James F. O'Brien , Okan Arikan, Animating suspended particle explosions, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
• 9: Felici, H. M., and Drela, M. 1990. Eulerian/lagrangian solution of 3-d rotational flows. In AIAA 21st Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference.
• 10: Felici, H. M., and Drela, M. 1993. An eulerian/lagrangian coupling procedure for three-dimensional vortical flows. AIAA Journal, 1993--3370.
• 11: Felici, H. M., and Drela, M. 1993. Reduction of numerical diffusion in three-dimensional vortical flowsusing a coupled eulerian/lagrangian solution procedure. In AIAA 24th Fluid Dynamics Conference.
• 12: Nick Foster , Ronald Fedkiw, Practical animation of liquids, Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.23-30, August 2001 [doi>10.1145/383259.383261]
• 13: Nick Foster , Dimitris Metaxas, Modeling the motion of a hot, turbulent gas, Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.181-188, August 1997 [doi>10.1145/258734.258838]
• 14: Gamito, M. N., Lopes, P. F., and Gomes, M. R. 1995. Two dimensional Simulation of Gaseous Phenomena Using Vortex Particles. In Proc. of the 6th Eurographics Workshop on Comput. Anim. and Sim., Springer-Verlag, 3--15.
• 15: Tolga G. Goktekin , Adam W. Bargteil , James F. O'Brien, A method for animating viscoelastic fluids, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.23 n.3, August 2004
• 16: Hadap, S., and Magnenat-Thalmann, N. 2001. Modeling Dynamic Hair as a Continuum. Comput. Graph. Forum 20, 3.
• 17: Insung Ihm , Byungkwon Kang , Deukhyun Cha, Animation of reactive gaseous fluids through chemical kinetics, Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, August 27-29, 2004, Grenoble, France [doi>10.1145/1028523.1028550]
• 18: James T. Kajiya , Brian P Von Herzen, Ray tracing volume densities, Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.165-174, January 1984
• 19: Michael Kass , Gavin Miller, Rapid, stable fluid dynamics for computer graphics, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.24 n.4, p.49-57, Aug. 1990
• 20: Arnauld Lamorlette , Nick Foster, Structural modeling of flames for a production environment, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.21 n.3, July 2002
• 21: Keith Lindsay , Robert Krasny, A particle method and adaptive treecode for vortex sheet motion in three-dimensional flow, Journal of Computational Physics, v.172 n.2, p.879-907, September 20, 2001 [doi>10.1006/jcph.2001.6862]
• 22: Frank Losasso , Frédéric Gibou , Ron Fedkiw, Simulating water and smoke with an octree data structure, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.23 n.3, August 2004
• 23: Antoine McNamara , Adrien Treuille , Zoran Popović , Jos Stam, Fluid control using the adjoint method, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.23 n.3, August 2004
• 24: Miyazaki, R., Dobashi, Y., and Nishita, T. 2002. Simulation of cumuliform clouds based on computational fluid dynamics. Proc. Eurographics 2002 Short Presentation, 405--410.
• 25: Matthias Müller , David Charypar , Markus Gross, Particle-based fluid simulation for interactive applications, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 26-27, 2003, San Diego, California
• 26: Michael Neff , Eugene Fiume, A visual model for blast waves and fracture, Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Graphics interface '99, p.193-202, September 1999, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
• 27: Duc Quang Nguyen , Ronald Fedkiw , Henrik Wann Jensen, Physically based modeling and animation of fire, Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, July 23-26, 2002, San Antonio, Texas
• 28: Frédéric Pighin , Jonathan M. Cohen , Maurya Shah, Modeling and editing flows using advected radial basis functions, Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, August 27-29, 2004, Grenoble, France [doi>10.1145/1028523.1028552]
• 29: P. Ploumhans , G. S. Winckelmans , J. K. Salmon , A. Leonard , M. S. Warren, Vortex methods for direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional bluff body flows: application to the sphere at Re = 300, 500, and 1000, Journal of Computational Physics, v.178 n.2, p.427-463, May 20, 2002 [doi>10.1006/jcph.2002.7035]
• 30: Premoze, S., Tasdizen, T., Bigler, J., Lefohn, A., and Whitaker, R. 2003. Particle-based simulation of fluids. In Comp. Graph. Forum (Eurographics Proc.), vol. 22, 401--410.
• 31: Nick Rasmussen , Duc Quang Nguyen , Willi Geiger , Ronald Fedkiw, Smoke simulation for large scale phenomena, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
• 32: Jos Stam, Stable fluids, Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.121-128, July 1999 [doi>10.1145/311535.311548]
• 33: Jos Stam, Flows on surfaces of arbitrary topology, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
• 34: Steinhoff, J., and Underhill, D. 1994. Modification of the Euler Equations for "Vorticity Confinement": Application to the Computation of Interacting Vortex Rings. Phys. of Fluids 6, 8, 2738--2744.
• 35: Adrien Treuille , Antoine McNamara , Zoran Popović , Jos Stam, Keyframe control of smoke simulations, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
• 36: J. H. Walther , P. Koumoutsakos, Three-dimensional vortex methods for particle-laden flows with two-way coupling, Journal of Computational Physics, v.167 n.1, p.39-71, Feb. 10, 2001 [doi>10.1006/jcph.2000.6656]
• 37: Larry Yaeger , Craig Upson , Robert Myers, Combining physical and visual simulation—creation of the planet Jupiter for the film “2010”, Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.85-93, August 1986
• 38: Gary D. Yngve , James F. O'Brien , Jessica K. Hodgins, Animating explosions, Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.29-36, July 2000 [doi>10.1145/344779.344801]

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
          Subjects: Physically based modeling

Keywords:
explosions, fluids, smoke, vortex methods, water